{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413318904","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3600401","title":"Automatic Modulation Recognition Based on Multi-Source Heterogeneous Networks","display_name":"Automatic Modulation Recognition Based on Multi-Source Heterogeneous Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413318904","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3600401"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3600401","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3600401","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3600401","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038687332","display_name":"Shuyin Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161462","display_name":"Heilongjiang Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05x0m9n95","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161462"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuyin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2867-6372","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161462"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1957-2682"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161462","display_name":"Heilongjiang Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05x0m9n95","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161462"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1957-2682","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161462"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010365496","display_name":"Zhuoran Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9793-8684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18452120","display_name":"Yantai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rp41m56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18452120"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuoran Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics and Electronic Information Technology, Yantai University, Yantai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9793-8684","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Electronic Information Technology, Yantai University, Yantai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18452120"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107330061","display_name":"Chuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6219-8591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18452120","display_name":"Yantai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rp41m56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18452120"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics and Electronic Information Technology, Yantai University, Yantai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6219-8591","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Electronic Information Technology, Yantai University, Yantai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18452120"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044546081","display_name":"Cong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9273-5992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161462","display_name":"Heilongjiang Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05x0m9n95","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210161462"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Heilongjiang Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9273-5992","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Heilongjiang Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210161462"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10455297,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"147074","last_page":"147085"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7375108003616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.5423532128334045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.324256956577301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2931712567806244}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7375108003616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5423532128334045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.324256956577301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2931712567806244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3600401","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3600401","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:27dc8c51610f457e9a584551c59f30b1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/27dc8c51610f457e9a584551c59f30b1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 147074-147085 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3600401","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3600401","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6550714715","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LH2022F049","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323085","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1608550288","https://openalex.org/W1865458182","https://openalex.org/W1964649965","https://openalex.org/W2023690004","https://openalex.org/W2048654658","https://openalex.org/W2072550346","https://openalex.org/W2803445619","https://openalex.org/W2892154397","https://openalex.org/W2916238263","https://openalex.org/W2916820451","https://openalex.org/W2944891925","https://openalex.org/W2946339000","https://openalex.org/W2953143151","https://openalex.org/W2966167458","https://openalex.org/W2967532333","https://openalex.org/W2968477360","https://openalex.org/W2971411179","https://openalex.org/W2980902614","https://openalex.org/W2981587265","https://openalex.org/W2982083293","https://openalex.org/W3000235499","https://openalex.org/W3005510567","https://openalex.org/W3008364176","https://openalex.org/W3109527968","https://openalex.org/W3115466140","https://openalex.org/W3138621703","https://openalex.org/W3153332423","https://openalex.org/W3174232357","https://openalex.org/W3193513114","https://openalex.org/W4205182328","https://openalex.org/W4206794970","https://openalex.org/W4292822528","https://openalex.org/W4317642578","https://openalex.org/W4323338327","https://openalex.org/W4362697518","https://openalex.org/W4375869042","https://openalex.org/W4385225896","https://openalex.org/W4385453438","https://openalex.org/W4386973897","https://openalex.org/W4389160165"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"Modulation":[1],"Recognition":[2],"(AMR)":[3],"is":[4,111],"crucial":[5],"to":[6,24,77,146,152,174],"modern":[7],"communications":[8],"systems":[9],"because":[10],"it":[11],"identifies":[12],"the":[13,67,75,90,102,106,109,121,132,144,154,162,176,187],"modulation":[14],"scheme":[15,97],"of":[16,43,199],"incoming":[17],"signals,":[18,61],"serving":[19],"as":[20],"a":[21,41,52,95,114,137,157,196],"key":[22],"method":[23],"address":[25],"spectrum":[26],"resource":[27],"constraints":[28],"and":[29,63,72,151,167,190],"enhance":[30],"communication":[31],"quality.":[32],"Recently,":[33],"multi-source":[34,53,177],"models":[35],"have":[36],"achieved":[37],"impressive":[38],"results":[39],"in":[40,101],"range":[42,149],"application":[44],"domains.":[45],"To":[46],"improve":[47],"AMR":[48],"performance,":[49],"we":[50,93,135],"propose":[51],"heterogeneous":[54],"network":[55,122],"(MSHNet)":[56],"that":[57,98,181],"jointly":[58],"processes":[59],"time-series":[60,91],"images,":[62],"graph":[64,133,138],"representations.":[65],"Transforming":[66],"raw":[68],"signals":[69],"into":[70,113],"images":[71],"graphs":[73],"enables":[74],"model":[76,145],"capture":[78,147],"complementary":[79],"features":[80,100],"from":[81,139,156,161],"multiple":[82],"dimensions,":[83],"which":[84],"markedly":[85],"boosts":[86],"recognition":[87],"accuracy.":[88],"In":[89,131],"branch,":[92,108,134],"integrate":[94,175],"lifting":[96],"extracts":[99],"frequency":[103],"domain.":[104],"For":[105],"image":[107],"signal":[110,155],"converted":[112],"Gramian":[115],"Angular":[116],"Field":[117],"(GAF)":[118],"image,":[119],"supplying":[120],"with":[123,195],"two-dimensional":[124],"spatial":[125],"information":[126],"while":[127],"retaining":[128],"temporal":[129],"context.":[130],"construct":[136],"feature":[140],"vector":[141],"correlations,":[142],"allowing":[143],"long":[148],"dependencies":[150],"view":[153],"broader":[158],"perspective.":[159],"Features":[160],"three":[163],"branches":[164],"are":[165],"concatenated":[166],"then":[168],"fused":[169],"using":[170],"fully":[171],"connected":[172],"layers":[173],"information.":[178],"Experiments":[179],"show":[180],"MSHNet":[182],"outperforms":[183],"state-of-the-art":[184],"baselines":[185],"on":[186],"RML2016.10a":[188],"dataset":[189],"maintains":[191],"strong":[192],"performance":[193],"even":[194],"limited":[197],"number":[198],"training":[200],"samples.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}