{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413359181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3600276","title":"Enhancing Parking Spot Detection in Extreme Weather Conditions: A Deep Learning Approach With Simulated Weather Augmentation","display_name":"Enhancing Parking Spot Detection in Extreme Weather Conditions: A Deep Learning Approach With Simulated Weather Augmentation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413359181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3600276"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3600276","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3600276","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3600276","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zixuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1090-1098"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zixuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Applied Mathematics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","Center for Applied Mathematics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1090-1098","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Applied Mathematics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Applied Mathematics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Penghua Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7796-5465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Penghua Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Applied Mathematics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","Center for Applied Mathematics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7796-5465","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Applied Mathematics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Applied Mathematics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100450398","display_name":"Shuo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0768-6597"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Applied Mathematics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","Center for Applied Mathematics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Applied Mathematics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Applied Mathematics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059747977","display_name":"Wei Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9872-4821"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I194450716","display_name":"Jilin University","ror":"https://ror.org/00js3aw79","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134929","display_name":"Jilin Province Science and Technology Department","ror":"https://ror.org/049x38272","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134929"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China","College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9872-4821","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134929","https://openalex.org/I194450716"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University, Changchun, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134929","https://openalex.org/I194450716"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2521-6732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162868743","display_name":"Tianjin University","ror":"https://ror.org/012tb2g32","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Applied Mathematics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","Center for Applied Mathematics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2521-6732","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Applied Mathematics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Applied Mathematics, Tianjin University, Tianjin, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162868743"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.21411428,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"147163","last_page":"147172"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12546","display_name":"Smart Parking Systems Research","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extreme-weather","display_name":"Extreme weather","score":0.639965295791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weather-forecasting","display_name":"Weather forecasting","score":0.6388189792633057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hot-weather","display_name":"Hot weather","score":0.6340721249580383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6014282703399658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weather-modification","display_name":"Weather modification","score":0.5002856254577637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.46013015508651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weather-prediction","display_name":"Weather prediction","score":0.4522826671600342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weather-patterns","display_name":"Weather patterns","score":0.44438862800598145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adverse-weather","display_name":"Adverse weather","score":0.4212135076522827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35180503129959106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.3428114950656891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.11231118440628052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/climate-change","display_name":"Climate change","score":0.0961574912071228}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205537798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1277161","display_name":"Extreme weather","level":3,"score":0.639965295791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21001229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182868","display_name":"Weather forecasting","level":2,"score":0.6388189792633057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993843871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11663","display_name":"Hot weather","level":2,"score":0.6340721249580383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6014282703399658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C550656013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513578","display_name":"Weather modification","level":2,"score":0.5002856254577637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.46013015508651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987469573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182868","display_name":"Weather prediction","level":2,"score":0.4522826671600342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993336609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11663","display_name":"Weather patterns","level":3,"score":0.44438862800598145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992147540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1277161","display_name":"Adverse weather","level":2,"score":0.4212135076522827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35180503129959106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3428114950656891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.11231118440628052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132651083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7942","display_name":"Climate change","level":2,"score":0.0961574912071228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3600276","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3600276","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:397e062783784f3f8ba6168abc933a97","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/397e062783784f3f8ba6168abc933a97","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 147163-147172 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3600276","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3600276","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.5899999737739563},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6075786044","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20240302086GX","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310121","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310121","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1917869660","https://openalex.org/W2091453093","https://openalex.org/W2107909313","https://openalex.org/W2171196813","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2545300838","https://openalex.org/W2894931878","https://openalex.org/W2895176907","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963780738","https://openalex.org/W2974467376","https://openalex.org/W3188749092","https://openalex.org/W4235667863","https://openalex.org/W4252016199","https://openalex.org/W4383098130","https://openalex.org/W4394597353","https://openalex.org/W4399610615"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W757709055","https://openalex.org/W2583338451","https://openalex.org/W1993806188","https://openalex.org/W2353693354","https://openalex.org/W4410336853","https://openalex.org/W3153718224","https://openalex.org/W1642536185","https://openalex.org/W3123828295","https://openalex.org/W2907211904","https://openalex.org/W4304177543"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,84],"study":[1,67,103],"tackles":[2],"the":[3,66,69,76,102,105,138],"challenge":[4],"of":[5,107],"parking":[6,22,133,143],"spot":[7],"recognition":[8,43,111],"in":[9,117,134,141],"extreme":[10],"adverse":[11],"weather":[12,49],"by":[13],"developing":[14],"an":[15],"automated":[16],"scripting":[17],"tool":[18],"that":[19,42],"enhances":[20],"real":[21,57],"images":[23,59],"with":[24,55,93],"simulated":[25,63],"rain,":[26],"snow,":[27],"and":[28,60,79,88,112],"fog":[29,108],"effects.":[30],"Experiments":[31,121],"using":[32],"pre-configured":[33],"network":[34],"models":[35],"optimized":[36],"for":[37,127,132],"specific":[38],"climatic":[39],"conditions":[40,50],"show":[41,151],"is":[44,160,164],"more":[45],"effective":[46,156],"under":[47,145],"single":[48],"than":[51],"mixed":[52],"ones.":[53],"Starting":[54],"30":[56],"foggy":[58,64,119],"progressively":[61],"adding":[62],"images,":[65],"enriches":[68],"dataset":[70],"without":[71],"needing":[72],"large-scale":[73],"data,":[74],"improving":[75],"model\u2019s":[77],"generalization":[78],"adaptability":[80],"to":[81],"complex":[82],"environments.":[83,136],"approach":[85],"conserves":[86],"resources":[87],"demonstrates":[89],"efficient":[90],"learning":[91,115,149],"potential":[92],"limited":[94],"data.":[95],"Addressing":[96],"fog\u2019s":[97],"severe":[98],"visual":[99],"safety":[100],"hazards,":[101],"explores":[104],"impact":[106],"density":[109,125],"on":[110,166],"assesses":[113],"deep":[114,148],"performance":[116],"extremely":[118],"conditions.":[120],"establish":[122],"a":[123],"critical":[124],"threshold":[126],"fog,":[128,147],"offering":[129],"decision":[130],"support":[131],"such":[135],"Despite":[137],"human":[139,158],"difficulty":[140],"recognizing":[142],"spots":[144],"heavy":[146],"networks":[150],"relatively":[152],"good":[153],"performance,":[154],"proving":[155],"when":[157],"vision":[159],"limited.":[161],"Supporting":[162],"code":[163],"available":[165],"GitHub:":[167],"https://github.com/Wzxzz/parking-plot.git.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}