{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413277568","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3599916","title":"GMM Selector-Based Anomaly Detection Model for Networks","display_name":"GMM Selector-Based Anomaly Detection Model for Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413277568","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3599916"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3599916","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3599916","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3599916","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xinyu Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5239-358X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146071755","display_name":"Kunming University","ror":"https://ror.org/035rhx828","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146071755"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xinyu Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan, China","School of Information Engineering, Kunming University, KunMing, YunNan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5239-358X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146071755"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Kunming University, KunMing, YunNan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146071755"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101501466","display_name":"Jun He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5130-3876"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146071755","display_name":"Kunming University","ror":"https://ror.org/035rhx828","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146071755"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan, China","School of Information Engineering, Kunming University, KunMing, YunNan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146071755"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Kunming University, KunMing, YunNan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146071755"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111645252","display_name":"Tao Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3960-2256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146071755","display_name":"Kunming University","ror":"https://ror.org/035rhx828","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146071755"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan, China","School of Information Engineering, Kunming University, KunMing, YunNan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3960-2256","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146071755"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Kunming University, KunMing, YunNan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146071755"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100949892","display_name":"Sunyan Hong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146071755","display_name":"Kunming University","ror":"https://ror.org/035rhx828","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146071755"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunyan Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan, China","School of Information Engineering, Kunming University, KunMing, YunNan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4140-7479","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146071755"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Kunming University, KunMing, YunNan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146071755"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jing Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8874-6531"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146071755","display_name":"Kunming University","ror":"https://ror.org/035rhx828","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146071755"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan, China","School of Information Engineering, Kunming University, KunMing, YunNan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8874-6531","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Kunming University, Kunming, Yunnan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146071755"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Engineering, Kunming University, KunMing, YunNan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146071755"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146071755"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.0776,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89604823,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"151479","last_page":"151490"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9315000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9315000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.6567233800888062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5819994807243347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.4560537040233612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.37606287002563477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3492013216018677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10246774554252625}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.6567233800888062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5819994807243347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4560537040233612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.37606287002563477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3492013216018677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10246774554252625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3599916","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3599916","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3277b8ca1e294d20818cba9ce0e41f77","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3277b8ca1e294d20818cba9ce0e41f77","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 151479-151490 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3599916","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3599916","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3065397316","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202407AB110006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329889","funder_display_name":"Henan Province Science and Technology Innovation Talent Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6786517262","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202305AC160049","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330358","funder_display_name":"Nanning Science and Technology Base Project"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329889","display_name":"Henan Province Science and Technology Innovation Talent Program","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320330358","display_name":"Nanning Science and Technology Base Project","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2087434474","https://openalex.org/W2119168155","https://openalex.org/W2158698691","https://openalex.org/W2164330572","https://openalex.org/W2165910495","https://openalex.org/W2338318698","https://openalex.org/W2587314106","https://openalex.org/W2592842236","https://openalex.org/W2612634114","https://openalex.org/W2616891418","https://openalex.org/W2789828921","https://openalex.org/W2794247686","https://openalex.org/W2806416578","https://openalex.org/W2900362095","https://openalex.org/W2903571866","https://openalex.org/W2911506434","https://openalex.org/W2955815983","https://openalex.org/W2962712569","https://openalex.org/W2963820355","https://openalex.org/W2971749073","https://openalex.org/W3017206470","https://openalex.org/W3109072952","https://openalex.org/W3125241865","https://openalex.org/W3198946509","https://openalex.org/W4312190571","https://openalex.org/W4313421210","https://openalex.org/W4324007233","https://openalex.org/W4361275955","https://openalex.org/W4389513437","https://openalex.org/W4392180245","https://openalex.org/W4397000408","https://openalex.org/W4400229121","https://openalex.org/W4400410483","https://openalex.org/W4403529514","https://openalex.org/W4405657257","https://openalex.org/W4409364089"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2806741695","https://openalex.org/W4290647774","https://openalex.org/W3189286258","https://openalex.org/W3207797160","https://openalex.org/W3210364259","https://openalex.org/W4300558037","https://openalex.org/W2667207928","https://openalex.org/W2912112202","https://openalex.org/W4377864969","https://openalex.org/W2033914206"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ensemble":[0],"models":[1],"for":[2,33,164,171],"network":[3,139,176],"anomaly":[4,140],"detection":[5,64,141],"are":[6],"often":[7],"challenged":[8],"by":[9],"class":[10,94,166],"imbalance,":[11,167],"a":[12,24,120,159],"condition":[13],"known":[14],"to":[15,47,59,148],"substantially":[16],"degrade":[17],"predictive":[18],"accuracy.":[19],"To":[20,69],"address":[21],"this":[22],"limitation,":[23],"novel":[25],"ensemble":[26],"learning":[27],"framework,":[28],"termed":[29],"the":[30,50,60,111,135],"GMM":[31],"Selector":[32],"Anomaly":[34],"Detection":[35],"(GMM-SAD),":[36],"is":[37],"proposed.":[38],"The":[39,96],"GMM-SAD":[40,98],"framework":[41],"utilizes":[42],"Gaussian":[43],"Mixture":[44],"Models":[45],"(GMM)":[46],"first":[48],"estimate":[49],"prevalence":[51],"of":[52,93,114,117,123],"anomalies":[53],"and":[54,73,88,102,119,128,143],"then":[55],"dynamically":[56],"routes":[57],"data":[58],"most":[61],"suitable":[62],"specialized":[63],"model":[65,99,136],"within":[66],"its":[67,71,146],"architecture.":[68],"validate":[70],"effectiveness":[72],"generalization":[74],"capabilities,":[75],"extensive":[76],"empirical":[77],"evaluations":[78],"were":[79],"conducted":[80],"on":[81],"three":[82],"widely-recognized":[83],"benchmark":[84],"datasets:":[85],"CICIDS2017,":[86],"UNSW-NB15,":[87],"NSL-KDD,":[89],"under":[90,152],"varying":[91],"degrees":[92],"imbalance.":[95],"proposed":[97],"demonstrates":[100],"robust":[101],"consistent":[103],"performance,":[104],"achieving":[105],"an":[106],"impressive":[107],"average":[108],"Area":[109],"Under":[110],"Curve":[112],"(AUC)":[113],"98.40%,":[115],"F1-score":[116],"94.16%,":[118],"high":[121],"Recall":[122],"95.32%":[124],"across":[125],"all":[126],"datasets":[127],"imbalance":[129],"scenarios.":[130],"These":[131],"findings":[132],"confirm":[133],"that":[134],"significantly":[137],"enhances":[138],"accuracy":[142],"robustness,":[144],"particularly":[145],"ability":[147],"identify":[149],"rare":[150],"instances":[151],"challenging":[153],"imbalanced":[154],"conditions.":[155],"This":[156],"research":[157],"introduces":[158],"highly":[160],"adaptive":[161],"technical":[162],"approach":[163],"mitigating":[165],"demonstrating":[168],"strong":[169],"potential":[170],"practical":[172],"deployment":[173],"in":[174],"real-time":[175],"security":[177],"monitoring.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}