{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7076053998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3599215","title":"Reinforcement Learning Control of Direct-Driven Wave Energy Converter Incorporating Constrained Field Weakening Optimization","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning Control of Direct-Driven Wave Energy Converter Incorporating Constrained Field Weakening Optimization","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7076053998","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3599215"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3599215","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3599215","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3599215","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chuan Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8659-8733"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chuan Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ying Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2638-5836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wei Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Anni Jiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17442442","display_name":"State Grid Corporation of China (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05twwhs70","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17442442"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126065","display_name":"Shanghai Electric (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/0314qy595","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anni Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Corporation Yizheng Branch, Yangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Jiangsu Electric Power Corporation Yizheng Branch, Yangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17442442","https://openalex.org/I4210126065"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Feng Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3011-9902"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163340411","display_name":"Hohai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wd4xt90","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163340411"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.3869,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86236609,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"144226","last_page":"144240"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10591","display_name":"Theoretical and Computational Physics","score":0.0421999990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10591","display_name":"Theoretical and Computational Physics","score":0.0421999990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11751","display_name":"Lattice Boltzmann Simulation Studies","score":0.014999999664723873,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13116","display_name":"Heat Transfer and Numerical Methods","score":0.014100000262260437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.6804999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/converters","display_name":"Converters","score":0.6385999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.5896000266075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.503600001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-control","display_name":"Optimal control","score":0.4961000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.492900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.48330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wave-energy-converter","display_name":"Wave energy converter","score":0.46939998865127563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.6804999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778422915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10302051","display_name":"Converters","level":3,"score":0.6385999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6122000217437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5896000266075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.503600001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.4961000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.492900013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.48330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985586866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208554","display_name":"Wave energy converter","level":3,"score":0.46939998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56685638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300474","display_name":"Power control","level":3,"score":0.46209999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4235999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779372316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q569057","display_name":"Stiffness","level":2,"score":0.41920000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.38999998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6899612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852911","display_name":"Resistive touchscreen","level":2,"score":0.34389999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.29490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172205157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1782962","display_name":"Model predictive control","level":3,"score":0.2883000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165082838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165848","display_name":"Wind wave","level":2,"score":0.2750999927520752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55660270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164377","display_name":"Constrained optimization","level":2,"score":0.26910001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989514635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164377","display_name":"Constrained optimization problem","level":3,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780182046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208554","display_name":"Wave power","level":3,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153240184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3243772","display_name":"Control variable","level":2,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3599215","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3599215","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3599215","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3599215","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8760190606117249,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2150390475","https://openalex.org/W2153357287","https://openalex.org/W2162405191","https://openalex.org/W2342517686","https://openalex.org/W2384046304","https://openalex.org/W2518969233","https://openalex.org/W2538132362","https://openalex.org/W2567566324","https://openalex.org/W2586682423","https://openalex.org/W2749148139","https://openalex.org/W2883690282","https://openalex.org/W2898705122","https://openalex.org/W2903609716","https://openalex.org/W2905674064","https://openalex.org/W2967618336","https://openalex.org/W3014691908","https://openalex.org/W3016371400","https://openalex.org/W3016533673","https://openalex.org/W3017205776","https://openalex.org/W3094728221","https://openalex.org/W3099153698","https://openalex.org/W3100789280","https://openalex.org/W3164531823","https://openalex.org/W3165952382","https://openalex.org/W3172451386","https://openalex.org/W4200068609","https://openalex.org/W4200351789","https://openalex.org/W4206104212","https://openalex.org/W4210664430","https://openalex.org/W4210738817","https://openalex.org/W4214873049","https://openalex.org/W4226258008","https://openalex.org/W4226401606","https://openalex.org/W4293145806","https://openalex.org/W4295780181","https://openalex.org/W4309224029","https://openalex.org/W4318962912","https://openalex.org/W4321374223","https://openalex.org/W4360995403","https://openalex.org/W4361852574","https://openalex.org/W4366751322","https://openalex.org/W4381327760","https://openalex.org/W4383897137","https://openalex.org/W4388629734","https://openalex.org/W4389331842","https://openalex.org/W4391418223","https://openalex.org/W4392450001","https://openalex.org/W4393972839","https://openalex.org/W4394582143","https://openalex.org/W4398198362","https://openalex.org/W4398198365","https://openalex.org/W4399573366","https://openalex.org/W4402036074","https://openalex.org/W4403277711","https://openalex.org/W4403675521","https://openalex.org/W4404102653","https://openalex.org/W4406024085","https://openalex.org/W4407744905","https://openalex.org/W6609508751","https://openalex.org/W6775686901"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Wave":[0],"energy":[1],"converters":[2],"have":[3],"recently":[4],"attracted":[5],"significant":[6],"attention":[7],"in":[8],"control":[9,23,38,53,101],"methodology.":[10],"The":[11,51],"complex":[12],"and":[13,58,102,112],"variable":[14],"marine":[15],"environment":[16],"makes":[17],"modeling":[18],"difficult,":[19],"thus":[20],"requiring":[21],"model-free":[22,37],"methods.":[24],"To":[25],"maximize":[26],"power":[27,81,108,120],"capture":[28,82,109],"while":[29,89],"satisfying":[30],"physical":[31],"constraints,":[32],"this":[33],"study":[34],"proposes":[35],"a":[36],"method":[39,106],"based":[40],"on":[41],"Deep":[42],"Q-Network":[43],"(DQN),":[44],"incorporating":[45],"field":[46,63],"weakening":[47,64],"optimization":[48,65],"(FWO)":[49],"mechanism.":[50],"DQN-based":[52],"primarily":[54],"optimizes":[55],"the":[56,62,67,77,91,104],"damping":[57],"stiffness":[59],"coefficients,":[60],"then":[61],"determines":[66],"optimal":[68],"output":[69],"under":[70,85],"linear/nonlinear":[71],"constraints.":[72],"Experimental":[73],"results":[74],"show":[75],"that":[76],"proposed":[78],"FWO":[79],"enhances":[80],"by":[83,95,110],"37%-65%":[84],"various":[86],"sea":[87],"conditions":[88],"extending":[90],"operational":[92],"speed":[93],"range":[94],"10%.":[96],"Moreover,":[97],"compared":[98],"with":[99],"resistive":[100],"MPC,":[103],"DQN-FWO":[105],"improves":[107],"330%":[111],"70%":[113],"respectively,":[114],"demonstrating":[115],"validated":[116],"effectiveness":[117],"for":[118],"maximal":[119],"extraction.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-12-22T23:10:17.713674","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
