{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413465369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3598777","title":"LRT-DDPM: A Diffusion Model-Based Approach for Network Traffic Data Generation in Intrusion Detection","display_name":"LRT-DDPM: A Diffusion Model-Based Approach for Network Traffic Data Generation in Intrusion Detection","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413465369","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3598777"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3598777","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3598777","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3598777","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048336713","display_name":"C Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1328775524","display_name":"Zhejiang Sci-Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03893we55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaoling Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016495466","display_name":"Jiang Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9079-6887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1328775524","display_name":"Zhejiang Sci-Tech University","ror":"https://ror.org/03893we55","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiang Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9079-6887","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1328775524"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Liang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9971-326X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163926","display_name":"Zhejiang Medicine (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05h86nk22","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163926"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang Shannon Communication Technology Company Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","Zhejiang Shannon Communication Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9971-326X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Shannon Communication Technology Company Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163926"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Shannon Communication Technology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.1018,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88628931,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"149054","last_page":"149070"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.917900025844574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6568156480789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.5148226618766785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-modeling","display_name":"Data modeling","score":0.50975102186203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-model","display_name":"Traffic model","score":0.4886687099933624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.47980526089668274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffusion","display_name":"Diffusion","score":0.47181689739227295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-generation-model","display_name":"Traffic generation model","score":0.4682166576385498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.20118319988250732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10172829031944275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.09015050530433655}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6568156480789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.5148226618766785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.50975102186203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775847900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28455493","display_name":"Traffic model","level":2,"score":0.4886687099933624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.47980526089668274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69357855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163214","display_name":"Diffusion","level":2,"score":0.47181689739227295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176715033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2080768","display_name":"Traffic generation model","level":2,"score":0.4682166576385498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.20118319988250732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10172829031944275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.09015050530433655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3598777","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3598777","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:bfc49982dfad452981ef9b2c34890ecb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/bfc49982dfad452981ef9b2c34890ecb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 149054-149070 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3598777","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3598777","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1873216522","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22A2004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2099940443","https://openalex.org/W2762776925","https://openalex.org/W2775103799","https://openalex.org/W2789828921","https://openalex.org/W2963351448","https://openalex.org/W3024905798","https://openalex.org/W3093931417","https://openalex.org/W3116162736","https://openalex.org/W3121026104","https://openalex.org/W3126752450","https://openalex.org/W3135490633","https://openalex.org/W3156522613","https://openalex.org/W4210743106","https://openalex.org/W4224126807","https://openalex.org/W4226076258","https://openalex.org/W4281570285","https://openalex.org/W4285678381","https://openalex.org/W4289544857","https://openalex.org/W4312384107","https://openalex.org/W4317423310","https://openalex.org/W4324141948","https://openalex.org/W4366606623","https://openalex.org/W4385978942","https://openalex.org/W4386065404","https://openalex.org/W4390603809","https://openalex.org/W4390872797","https://openalex.org/W4391184520","https://openalex.org/W4391481650","https://openalex.org/W4392269288","https://openalex.org/W4396757885","https://openalex.org/W4400082006","https://openalex.org/W4401007481","https://openalex.org/W4401330042","https://openalex.org/W4401675889","https://openalex.org/W4401786193","https://openalex.org/W4402753991","https://openalex.org/W4404622795","https://openalex.org/W4410108643"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2384284367","https://openalex.org/W2899959651","https://openalex.org/W2164330847","https://openalex.org/W1635013959","https://openalex.org/W2374024329","https://openalex.org/W2378981629","https://openalex.org/W2172229002","https://openalex.org/W2347766514","https://openalex.org/W2184147547","https://openalex.org/W3188046575"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Network":[0],"Intrusion":[1],"Detection":[2],"Systems":[3],"(NIDS)":[4],"are":[5],"fundamental":[6],"to":[7,51],"network":[8,19,31,63],"security.":[9],"However,":[10],"traditional":[11],"approaches":[12],"often":[13],"struggle":[14],"with":[15,64],"high-dimensional":[16],"and":[17,67,99,110,121],"imbalanced":[18],"traffic":[20,32],"data.":[21],"To":[22],"address":[23],"these":[24],"challenges,":[25],"we":[26],"propose":[27],"LRT-DDPM,":[28],"a":[29,47,60],"novel":[30],"data":[33],"generation":[34],"model":[35,45,105],"based":[36],"on":[37,86,97,101],"the":[38,69,104],"Denoising":[39],"Diffusion":[40],"Probabilistic":[41],"Model":[42],"(DDPM).":[43],"Our":[44],"employs":[46],"stepwise":[48],"denoising":[49],"mechanism":[50],"generate":[52],"high-fidelity":[53],"synthetic":[54],"data,":[55],"enhances":[56],"feature":[57],"extraction":[58],"through":[59],"convolutional":[61],"neural":[62],"residual":[65],"connections":[66],"introduces":[68],"Time-Adaptive":[70],"Control":[71],"Block":[72],"(TACBlock)":[73],"strategy":[74],"for":[75],"dynamic":[76],"time":[77],"step":[78],"adjustment":[79],"during":[80],"diffusion.":[81],"LRT-DDPM":[82],"demonstrates":[83],"superior":[84],"performance":[85],"two":[87],"widely-used":[88],"benchmark":[89],"datasets.":[90],"It":[91],"achieves":[92],"an":[93],"accuracy":[94,120],"of":[95],"99.40%":[96],"NSL-KDD":[98],"99.53%":[100],"CICIDS2017.":[102],"Furthermore,":[103],"attains":[106],"high":[107],"precision,":[108],"recall,":[109],"F1-score":[111],"metrics,":[112],"consistently":[113],"outperforms":[114],"existing":[115],"methods":[116],"by":[117],"enhancing":[118],"detection":[119],"reducing":[122],"false":[123],"positive":[124],"rates.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}