{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413155075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3598502","title":"Multi-Eavesdropper Detection Through PHY-Aware Cell-Free AP Selection","display_name":"Multi-Eavesdropper Detection Through PHY-Aware Cell-Free AP Selection","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413155075","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3598502"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3598502","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3598502","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3598502","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035578917","display_name":"Jo\u00e3o Martins","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9358-9509"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jo\u00e3o Martins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal","Instituto de Telecomunicações, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9358-9509","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunicações, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059804208","display_name":"Filipe Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7994-6090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Filipe Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal","Instituto de Telecomunicações, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7994-6090","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunicações, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024523893","display_name":"Marco Gomes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1124-525X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Gomes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal","Instituto de Telecomunicações, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1124-525X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunicações, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100761448","display_name":"V\u00edtor Silva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2439-1184"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vitor Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal","Instituto de Telecomunicações, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2439-1184","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunicações, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034724801","display_name":"Rui Dinis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8520-7267"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Dinis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal","Instituto de Telecomunicações, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8520-7267","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunicações, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035578917"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.22718457,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"143576","last_page":"143590"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9692000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9549999833106995,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7432022094726562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.510520339012146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5038320422172546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11655130982398987}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7432022094726562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.510520339012146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5038320422172546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11655130982398987}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3598502","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3598502","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:f615b341f0864336b16c337f940b2d2f","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/f615b341f0864336b16c337f940b2d2f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 143576-143590 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:run.unl.pt:10362/188620","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10362/188620","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400678","display_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa's Repository (Universidade Nova de Lisboa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I83558840","host_organization_name":"Universidade Nova de Lisboa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83558840"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3598502","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3598502","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.550000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1561160862","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SFRH/BD/08221/2021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3825212600","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"https://doi.org/10.54499/UIDB/50008/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6544342186","display_name":"Institute of Telecommunications","funder_award_id":"LA/P/0109/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6629118913","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CA22168","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320366","funder_display_name":"European Cooperation in Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8568028496","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","funder_award_id":"UIDP/50008/2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8807497286","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B-0109-24","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320366","display_name":"European Cooperation in Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bstzn19"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W949353694","https://openalex.org/W2143228105","https://openalex.org/W2156214717","https://openalex.org/W2286275639","https://openalex.org/W2593893328","https://openalex.org/W2600833135","https://openalex.org/W2742503793","https://openalex.org/W2770606349","https://openalex.org/W2780458606","https://openalex.org/W2799812926","https://openalex.org/W2898104747","https://openalex.org/W2903005632","https://openalex.org/W2917290517","https://openalex.org/W2964042011","https://openalex.org/W2965123227","https://openalex.org/W2969468102","https://openalex.org/W2974046131","https://openalex.org/W3034647238","https://openalex.org/W3153521619","https://openalex.org/W3158832185","https://openalex.org/W3196826750","https://openalex.org/W3209298344","https://openalex.org/W4200633554","https://openalex.org/W4205860927","https://openalex.org/W4205929200","https://openalex.org/W4220719813","https://openalex.org/W4286377522","https://openalex.org/W4293095200","https://openalex.org/W4297911688","https://openalex.org/W4368232716","https://openalex.org/W4384519137","https://openalex.org/W4385453346","https://openalex.org/W4389252739","https://openalex.org/W4392158118","https://openalex.org/W4393241079","https://openalex.org/W4394811103","https://openalex.org/W4396753526","https://openalex.org/W4400276357","https://openalex.org/W4401508727","https://openalex.org/W4402126549","https://openalex.org/W4402126657","https://openalex.org/W4402626708"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"ability":[1],"to":[2,41,64,160,194],"provide":[3],"reliable":[4],"data":[5],"rates":[6],"across":[7,105],"several":[8],"coverage":[9],"areas":[10],"establishes":[11],"massive":[12],"multiple-input":[13],"multiple-output":[14],"(m-MIMO)":[15],"cell-free":[16],"(CF)":[17],"systems":[18],"as":[19,90],"a":[20,97,151],"pivotal":[21],"technology":[22],"for":[23,56],"future":[24],"sixth-generation":[25],"(6G)":[26],"systems.":[27],"CF":[28],"networks":[29],"do,":[30],"however,":[31],"introduce":[32],"additional":[33],"security":[34,49],"and":[35,82,145,176],"network":[36,60,174,198],"integrity":[37],"vulnerabilities.":[38],"For":[39],"that,":[40],"complement":[42],"the":[43,79,83,117,126,134,161,177,185],"traditional":[44],"cryptographic":[45],"algorithms,":[46],"physical":[47],"layer":[48],"(PLS)":[50],"can":[51],"be":[52],"an":[53,112],"effective":[54],"strategy":[55],"acquiring":[57],"essential":[58],"wireless":[59,80,197],"information":[61],"in":[62],"order":[63],"develop":[65],"authentication":[66,91,192],"methods":[67],"against":[68],"impersonation":[69],"attacks.":[70],"To":[71],"prevent":[72],"these":[73,168],"spoofing":[74],"attacks,":[75],"we":[76,132],"propose":[77,111],"leveraging":[78],"channel":[81],"access":[84],"point":[85],"selection":[86],"(APS)":[87],"allocation":[88],"schemes":[89],"mechanisms.":[92],"Our":[93],"approach":[94],"begins":[95],"with":[96,190],"threshold-based":[98],"analysis":[99],"of":[100,115,119,136,179,187],"spectral":[101],"efficiency":[102],"(SE)":[103],"losses":[104],"different":[106],"APS":[107],"schemes.":[108],"We":[109],"then":[110],"algorithm":[113],"capable":[114],"estimating":[116],"number":[118],"eavesdroppers":[120],"executing":[121],"active":[122,180],"attacks":[123],"while":[124],"identifying":[125],"targeted":[127,162],"user":[128],"equipment":[129],"(UE).":[130],"Finally,":[131],"test":[133],"robustness":[135],"our":[137],"detection":[138],"scheme":[139],"by":[140],"examining":[141],"how":[142],"SE":[143,148],"loss":[144],"achievable":[146],"secrecy":[147],"change":[149],"when":[150],"single":[152],"attacker":[153],"is":[154],"positioned":[155],"at":[156],"various":[157],"locations":[158],"relative":[159],"UE.":[163],"Results":[164],"demonstrate":[165],"that":[166],"monitoring":[167],"parameters":[169],"provides":[170],"critical":[171],"insights":[172],"into":[173],"performance":[175],"impact":[178],"eavesdropping.":[181],"These":[182],"findings":[183],"highlight":[184],"potential":[186],"integrating":[188],"PLS":[189],"upper-layer":[191],"protocols":[193],"significantly":[195],"enhance":[196],"security.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}