{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117573102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3598087","title":"Audio Adversarial Example With No Noise in the Silent Area for Speech Recognition System","display_name":"Audio Adversarial Example With No Noise in the Silent Area for Speech Recognition System","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117573102","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3598087"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3598087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3598087","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3598087","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008889802","display_name":"Kyoungmin Ko","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24062138","display_name":"Konkuk University","ror":"https://ror.org/025h1m602","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24062138"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kyoungmin Ko","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Statistics, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Statistics, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24062138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121582539","display_name":"SungHwan Kim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24062138","display_name":"Konkuk University","ror":"https://ror.org/025h1m602","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24062138"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sunghwan Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Statistics, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Statistics, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24062138"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040423887","display_name":"Hyun Kwon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1169-9892"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184908088","display_name":"Korea Military Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/024ctqw02","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184908088"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyun Kwon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, Korea Military Academy, Seoul, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, Korea Military Academy, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184908088"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008889802"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24062138"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81646373,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":"2924","last_page":"2938"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.6805999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.6805999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.05719999969005585,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.03579999879002571,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.6563000082969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distortion","display_name":"Distortion (music)","score":0.6345000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sample","display_name":"Sample (material)","score":0.5296000242233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-measurement","display_name":"Noise measurement","score":0.42579999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.421999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/audio-signal","display_name":"Audio signal","score":0.42100000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-processing","display_name":"Speech processing","score":0.4052000045776367}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8374000191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.7257999777793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.6563000082969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126780896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871","display_name":"Distortion (music)","level":4,"score":0.6345000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198531522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485146","display_name":"Sample (material)","level":2,"score":0.5296000242233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29265498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7047719","display_name":"Noise measurement","level":3,"score":0.42579999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.421999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64922751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4650799","display_name":"Audio signal","level":3,"score":0.42100000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61328038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358061","display_name":"Speech processing","level":2,"score":0.4052000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.37119999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13895895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3270773","display_name":"Speech coding","level":2,"score":0.3544999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100675267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1371624","display_name":"Background noise","level":2,"score":0.3361999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776182073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575395","display_name":"Speech enhancement","level":3,"score":0.3228999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160372630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4819855","display_name":"Audio analyzer","level":5,"score":0.32010000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204201278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1332614","display_name":"Voice activity detection","level":3,"score":0.31470000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780909371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4801092","display_name":"Artificial noise","level":4,"score":0.303600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.2962999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127220857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2719318","display_name":"Audio signal processing","level":4,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.2535000145435333}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3598087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3598087","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3598087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3598087","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399693012237549,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"},{"score":0.4351532757282257,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1195482205","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2023-00240936","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1556441623","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2025-00516065","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W179875071","https://openalex.org/W1594453127","https://openalex.org/W2000335122","https://openalex.org/W2117130368","https://openalex.org/W2127141656","https://openalex.org/W2160815625","https://openalex.org/W2180612164","https://openalex.org/W2402144811","https://openalex.org/W2508092598","https://openalex.org/W2618043096","https://openalex.org/W2788770315","https://openalex.org/W2954420970","https://openalex.org/W2964082701","https://openalex.org/W2964301649","https://openalex.org/W2969908034","https://openalex.org/W2973252307","https://openalex.org/W3021500721","https://openalex.org/W3109668151","https://openalex.org/W3147254695","https://openalex.org/W3186660640","https://openalex.org/W3201280301","https://openalex.org/W4225264578","https://openalex.org/W4300824008","https://openalex.org/W4312458120","https://openalex.org/W4313443012","https://openalex.org/W4320013936","https://openalex.org/W4389323276","https://openalex.org/W4401057135","https://openalex.org/W4405014384","https://openalex.org/W4415709171","https://openalex.org/W6910546390","https://openalex.org/W6922480057"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,110],"paper,":[2],"we":[3],"propose":[4],"a":[5,57,62,126,142,158,178],"specific":[6],"type":[7],"of":[8,35,53,100,153,161,181],"adversarial":[9,29,88,94,131,155],"example":[10],"which":[11,105],"is":[12,18,25,81,122],"recognized":[13],"appropriately":[14],"by":[15,20,27],"humans":[16],"and":[17,24],"misrecognized":[19],"the":[21,36,51,54,68,73,101,114,118,130,136,150,165,170,174],"target":[22,74,166],"model":[23,75],"generated":[26],"adding":[28],"noise":[30,48,95],"only":[31,49,96],"to":[32,50,97,128,177],"that":[33,40,64,91,98,116,149],"part":[34,52],"original":[37,175],"audio":[38,43,55,102,107],"sample":[39,70,176],"contains":[41],"an":[42,106],"signal.":[44],"The":[45,78,146],"method":[46,80,152],"adds":[47,93],"containing":[56],"voice":[58],"signal":[59,108],"in":[60,90,104,117,163],"such":[61],"way":[63],"human":[65,127],"can":[66],"identify":[67,129],"resulting":[69,119],"correctly":[71],"but":[72],"will":[76],"misclassify.":[77],"proposed":[79,151],"distinguished":[82],"from":[83,173],"existing":[84],"methods":[85],"for":[86,125],"generating":[87,154],"examples":[89,156],"it":[92,113,121],"portion":[99],"file":[103],"appears;":[109],"distinction":[111],"gives":[112],"advantage":[115],"sample,":[120],"nearly":[123],"impossible":[124],"noise.":[132],"Our":[133],"experiments":[134],"used":[135],"Mozilla":[137],"Common":[138],"Voice":[139],"dataset,":[140],"with":[141],"Deep":[143],"Speech":[144],"model.":[145],"results":[147],"demonstrate":[148],"achieved":[157],"success":[159],"rate":[160],"91.4%":[162],"attacking":[164],"model,":[167],"while":[168],"keeping":[169],"average":[171],"distortion":[172],"minimum":[179],"value":[180],"232.20.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-12-30T00:00:00"}