{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413213245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3597199","title":"Deep Reinforcement Learning Agents With Collective Situational Awareness for Beyond Visual Range Air Combat","display_name":"Deep Reinforcement Learning Agents With Collective Situational Awareness for Beyond Visual Range Air Combat","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413213245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3597199"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3597199","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3597199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3597199","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082118046","display_name":"Joao P. A. Dantas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0300-8027"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107428990","display_name":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Aeron\u00e1utica","ror":"https://ror.org/05vh67662","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107428990"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joao P. A. Dantas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Tecnol&#x00F3;gico de Aeron&#x00E1;utica, S&#x00E3;o Jos&#x00E9; dos Campos, S&#x00E3;o Paulo, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0300-8027","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Tecnol&#x00F3;gico de Aeron&#x00E1;utica, S&#x00E3;o Jos&#x00E9; dos Campos, S&#x00E3;o Paulo, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107428990"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078080022","display_name":"Felipe Leonardo L\u00f4bo Medeiros","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8796-8230"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felipe L. L. Medeiros","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Estudos Avan&#x00E7;ados, S&#x00E3;o Jos&#x00E9; dos Campos, S&#x00E3;o Paulo, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8796-8230","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Estudos Avan&#x00E7;ados, S&#x00E3;o Jos&#x00E9; dos Campos, S&#x00E3;o Paulo, Brazil","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093004242","display_name":"Adrisson R. Samersla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4559-1849"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrisson R. Samersla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Estudos Avan&#x00E7;ados, S&#x00E3;o Jos&#x00E9; dos Campos, S&#x00E3;o Paulo, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4559-1849","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Estudos Avan&#x00E7;ados, S&#x00E3;o Jos&#x00E9; dos Campos, S&#x00E3;o Paulo, Brazil","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093014094","display_name":"Pedro Lustosa Rege Botelho","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107428990","display_name":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Aeron\u00e1utica","ror":"https://ror.org/05vh67662","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107428990"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro L. R. Botelho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Tecnol&#x00F3;gico de Aeron&#x00E1;utica, S&#x00E3;o Jos&#x00E9; dos Campos, S&#x00E3;o Paulo, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4438-0816","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Tecnol&#x00F3;gico de Aeron&#x00E1;utica, S&#x00E3;o Jos&#x00E9; dos Campos, S&#x00E3;o Paulo, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107428990"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082223088","display_name":"Vitor C. F. Gomes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3239-2160"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vitor C. F. Gomes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Estudos Avan&#x00E7;ados, S&#x00E3;o Jos&#x00E9; dos Campos, S&#x00E3;o Paulo, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3239-2160","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Estudos Avan&#x00E7;ados, S&#x00E3;o Jos&#x00E9; dos Campos, S&#x00E3;o Paulo, Brazil","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108944936","display_name":"Samara R. Silva","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5065-7236"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samara R. Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Estudos Avan&#x00E7;ados, S&#x00E3;o Jos&#x00E9; dos Campos, S&#x00E3;o Paulo, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Estudos Avan&#x00E7;ados, S&#x00E3;o Jos&#x00E9; dos Campos, S&#x00E3;o Paulo, Brazil","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119305976","display_name":"Yuri D. Ferreira","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuri D. Ferreira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Estudos Avan&#x00E7;ados, S&#x00E3;o Jos&#x00E9; dos Campos, S&#x00E3;o Paulo, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Estudos Avan&#x00E7;ados, S&#x00E3;o Jos&#x00E9; dos Campos, S&#x00E3;o Paulo, Brazil","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119305977","display_name":"Alessandro O. Arantes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9024-1902"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro O. Arantes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Estudos Avan&#x00E7;ados, S&#x00E3;o Jos&#x00E9; dos Campos, S&#x00E3;o Paulo, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Estudos Avan&#x00E7;ados, S&#x00E3;o Jos&#x00E9; dos Campos, S&#x00E3;o Paulo, Brazil","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091787606","display_name":"Marcia R. C. Aquino","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcia R. C. Aquino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Estudos Avan&#x00E7;ados, S&#x00E3;o Jos&#x00E9; dos Campos, S&#x00E3;o Paulo, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5118-5764","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Estudos Avan&#x00E7;ados, S&#x00E3;o Jos&#x00E9; dos Campos, S&#x00E3;o Paulo, Brazil","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019218502","display_name":"Marcos R. O. A. M\u00e1ximo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2944-4476"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107428990","display_name":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Aeron\u00e1utica","ror":"https://ror.org/05vh67662","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107428990"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcos R. O. A. Maximo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Tecnol&#x00F3;gico de Aeron&#x00E1;utica, S&#x00E3;o Jos&#x00E9; dos Campos, S&#x00E3;o Paulo, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2944-4476","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Tecnol&#x00F3;gico de Aeron&#x00E1;utica, S&#x00E3;o Jos&#x00E9; dos Campos, S&#x00E3;o Paulo, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107428990"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":14.9168,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98457572,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"143052","last_page":"143069"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12125","display_name":"Aerospace and Aviation Technology","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12125","display_name":"Aerospace and Aviation Technology","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12158","display_name":"Guidance and Control Systems","score":0.9695000052452087,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13371","display_name":"Military Defense Systems Analysis","score":0.9635000228881836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7808683514595032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situation-awareness","display_name":"Situation awareness","score":0.6592026948928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6165467500686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.49549663066864014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.4240874946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3253647983074188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16063037514686584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.10071790218353271}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7808683514595032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145804949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q478123","display_name":"Situation awareness","level":2,"score":0.6592026948928833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6165467500686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.49549663066864014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4240874946117401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3253647983074188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16063037514686584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.10071790218353271}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3597199","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3597199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:cd964dfcde57443baec2c2f80f4fa2de","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/cd964dfcde57443baec2c2f80f4fa2de","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 143052-143069 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3597199","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3597199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6210342244","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"01.20.0196.00/2824/20","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322904","funder_display_name":"Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0ma614"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322904","display_name":"Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos","ror":"https://ror.org/030w99567"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2754517384","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2990747716","https://openalex.org/W3089592508","https://openalex.org/W3128467984","https://openalex.org/W3131698718","https://openalex.org/W3145123113","https://openalex.org/W3154812053","https://openalex.org/W3211880762","https://openalex.org/W3217400442","https://openalex.org/W4200207591","https://openalex.org/W4210366873","https://openalex.org/W4210928351","https://openalex.org/W4281397356","https://openalex.org/W4282826478","https://openalex.org/W4293765866","https://openalex.org/W4297515898","https://openalex.org/W4304606432","https://openalex.org/W4307374904","https://openalex.org/W4308329658","https://openalex.org/W4317792308","https://openalex.org/W4322773517","https://openalex.org/W4379415663","https://openalex.org/W4390450423","https://openalex.org/W4394823112","https://openalex.org/W4395666407","https://openalex.org/W4399793885","https://openalex.org/W4405634128","https://openalex.org/W4407033459","https://openalex.org/W4409761814","https://openalex.org/W6692846177","https://openalex.org/W6741002519","https://openalex.org/W6747473740","https://openalex.org/W6748839928","https://openalex.org/W6754950477","https://openalex.org/W6780559895","https://openalex.org/W6840762346","https://openalex.org/W6848003831","https://openalex.org/W6849543626","https://openalex.org/W6853928771","https://openalex.org/W6856278121"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4306904969","https://openalex.org/W3024912289","https://openalex.org/W2415747217","https://openalex.org/W2138720691","https://openalex.org/W2143767096","https://openalex.org/W4362501864","https://openalex.org/W4380318855","https://openalex.org/W3084456289","https://openalex.org/W2561023719","https://openalex.org/W2024136090"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1,99],"explores":[2],"Beyond":[3],"Visual":[4],"Range":[5],"(BVR)":[6],"air":[7,156],"combat":[8,22,157],"simulations,":[9],"focusing":[10],"on":[11,128],"two-versus-two":[12],"scenarios":[13],"involving":[14],"autonomous":[15],"agents.":[16],"The":[17,94,145],"engagement":[18],"phase":[19],"in":[20,46,111,168],"BVR":[21,112,170],"presents":[23],"complex":[24],"and":[25,39,81,85,106,132,158,165],"unpredictable":[26],"situations,":[27],"as":[28,76],"it":[29],"is":[30,52,87,100],"difficult":[31],"to":[32,63,69,137,141,150],"anticipate":[33],"the":[34,40,53,78,152,160],"behavior":[35],"of":[36,42,55,83,97,154,162],"opposing":[37],"aircraft":[38],"outcomes":[41],"tactical":[43,92],"decisions,":[44],"especially":[45],"multi-agent":[47,169],"settings.":[48],"A":[49,114],"promising":[50],"approach":[51],"use":[54],"Deep":[56],"Reinforcement":[57],"Learning":[58],"(DRL),":[59],"which":[60],"enables":[61],"agents":[62,110],"learn":[64],"from":[65],"dynamic":[66],"environments.":[67],"According":[68],"fighter":[70,109],"pilots,":[71],"collective":[72,129],"situational":[73,130],"awareness,":[74,131],"defined":[75],"understanding":[77],"spatial":[79],"distribution":[80],"orientation":[82],"allies":[84],"opponents,":[86],"essential":[88],"for":[89,104],"executing":[90],"coordinated":[91],"maneuvers.":[93],"main":[95],"contribution":[96],"this":[98],"AsaGym,":[101],"a":[102,121],"library":[103],"developing":[105],"training":[107],"DRL-based":[108],"scenarios.":[113,171],"case":[115],"study":[116],"demonstrates":[117],"its":[118],"use,":[119],"applying":[120],"reward":[122],"function":[123],"that":[124],"promotes":[125],"coordination":[126],"based":[127],"compares":[133],"different":[134],"DRL":[135],"algorithms":[136],"assess":[138],"their":[139],"ability":[140],"foster":[142],"cooperative":[143],"behavior.":[144],"results":[146],"highlight":[147],"DRL\u2019s":[148],"potential":[149],"address":[151],"complexities":[153],"modern":[155],"support":[159],"development":[161],"more":[163],"adaptive":[164],"effective":[166],"tactics":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-24T13:16:06.693445","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
