{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413017638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3596328","title":"Expanding Multilingual Co-Speech Interaction: The Impact of Enhanced Gesture Units in Text-to-Gesture Synthesis for Digital Humans","display_name":"Expanding Multilingual Co-Speech Interaction: The Impact of Enhanced Gesture Units in Text-to-Gesture Synthesis for Digital Humans","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413017638","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3596328"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3596328","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3596328","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3596328","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019377864","display_name":"Ghazanfar Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7741-1938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58716616","display_name":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05kzfa883","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27494661","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I58716616"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghazanfar Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligence and Interaction Research Center (I2RC), Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea","I²RC - Intelligence and Interaction Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7741-1938","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligence and Interaction Research Center (I2RC), Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58716616"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"I²RC - Intelligence and Interaction Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58716616"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063806810","display_name":"Woojoo Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6203-7309"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165507594","display_name":"Kangwon National University","ror":"https://ror.org/01mh5ph17","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165507594"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Woojoo Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Liberal Studies, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea","Division of Liberal Studies, Kangwon National University, 1, Gangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6203-7309","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Liberal Studies, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165507594"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Liberal Studies, Kangwon National University, 1, Gangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165507594"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014296507","display_name":"Muhammad Shahid Anwar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8093-6690"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12832649","display_name":"Gachon University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ryywt80","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Shahid Anwar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of AI and Software, Gachon University, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea","Department of AI, Software, Gachon University, 1342, Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8093-6690","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of AI and Software, Gachon University, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of AI, Software, Gachon University, 1342, Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028302461","display_name":"Jae\u2010In Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8748-9077"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58716616","display_name":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05kzfa883","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27494661","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I58716616"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jae-In Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelligence and Interaction Research Center (I2RC), Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea","I²RC - Intelligence and Interaction Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelligence and Interaction Research Center (I2RC), Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58716616"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"I²RC - Intelligence and Interaction Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), 5, Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58716616"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000021330","display_name":"Ahyoung Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7676-9869"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12832649","display_name":"Gachon University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ryywt80","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahyoung Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of AI and Software, Gachon University, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea","Department of AI, Software, Gachon University, 1342, Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7676-9869","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of AI and Software, Gachon University, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of AI, Software, Gachon University, 1342, Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.9893,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86524228,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"145144","last_page":"145157"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11285","display_name":"Hearing Impairment and Communication","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11285","display_name":"Hearing Impairment and Communication","score":0.9855999946594238,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9850000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13155","display_name":"Digital Communication and Language","score":0.9563999772071838,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture","display_name":"Gesture","score":0.9190311431884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7348145842552185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gesture-recognition","display_name":"Gesture recognition","score":0.55012047290802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.5272031426429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-synthesis","display_name":"Speech synthesis","score":0.4636251926422119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.44934308528900146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.39301711320877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3178884983062744}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.9190311431884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7348145842552185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159437735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519524","display_name":"Gesture recognition","level":3,"score":0.55012047290802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.5272031426429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14999030","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16346","display_name":"Speech synthesis","level":2,"score":0.4636251926422119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.44934308528900146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.39301711320877075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3178884983062744}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3596328","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3596328","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:9b7faf194345448caf5cbce71bf6ffd2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/9b7faf194345448caf5cbce71bf6ffd2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 145144-145157 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3596328","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3596328","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8206070004","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2E33842","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322105","funder_display_name":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8221999010","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2E33842","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322091","funder_display_name":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322091","display_name":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05kzfa883"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322105","display_name":"Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information","ror":"https://ror.org/01k4yrm29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W587016256","https://openalex.org/W1498883201","https://openalex.org/W1501420047","https://openalex.org/W1572022575","https://openalex.org/W1586387801","https://openalex.org/W1969681536","https://openalex.org/W2008208299","https://openalex.org/W2014145152","https://openalex.org/W2024536104","https://openalex.org/W2039376592","https://openalex.org/W2074772342","https://openalex.org/W2098359999","https://openalex.org/W2103868465","https://openalex.org/W2111754733","https://openalex.org/W2132891289","https://openalex.org/W2133084664","https://openalex.org/W2141855524","https://openalex.org/W2164349427","https://openalex.org/W2235920218","https://openalex.org/W2357865389","https://openalex.org/W2737477199","https://openalex.org/W2766709201","https://openalex.org/W2922298118","https://openalex.org/W2955419865","https://openalex.org/W2962730651","https://openalex.org/W2962795401","https://openalex.org/W2967443589","https://openalex.org/W2970641574","https://openalex.org/W2995151517","https://openalex.org/W3009385801","https://openalex.org/W3083173864","https://openalex.org/W3088839425","https://openalex.org/W3115266783","https://openalex.org/W3118288752","https://openalex.org/W3124346429","https://openalex.org/W3133090439","https://openalex.org/W3172764674","https://openalex.org/W3212159877","https://openalex.org/W3212693919","https://openalex.org/W4210974288","https://openalex.org/W4221142137","https://openalex.org/W4230312136","https://openalex.org/W4249659538","https://openalex.org/W4292945985","https://openalex.org/W4311249038","https://openalex.org/W4319990559","https://openalex.org/W4364377334","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4386076103","https://openalex.org/W4400822426","https://openalex.org/W4409049817","https://openalex.org/W6679821868","https://openalex.org/W6757817989","https://openalex.org/W6774314701","https://openalex.org/W7010981160"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2537963312","https://openalex.org/W2066003895","https://openalex.org/W2902873204","https://openalex.org/W2185750513","https://openalex.org/W2010878661","https://openalex.org/W3147379364","https://openalex.org/W2026258298","https://openalex.org/W3204639664","https://openalex.org/W2970836791","https://openalex.org/W2989699735"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,258],"study,":[2],"we":[3,71,101,143,191],"explore":[4,68],"the":[5,30,35,61,98,126,227,234,243,247,251,283],"effects":[6],"of":[7,32,155,230,255,286],"co-speech":[8,86,211],"gesture":[9,129,146,179,270],"generation":[10],"on":[11],"user":[12,36,62,219,244],"experience":[13,37,63],"in":[14],"3D":[15,178],"digital":[16,77,279],"human":[17,280],"interaction":[18],"by":[19],"testing":[20],"two":[21],"key":[22],"hypotheses.":[23,223],"The":[24,51,224],"first":[25,235],"hypothesis":[26,53],"posits":[27],"that":[28,55,142],"increasing":[29],"number":[31],"gestures":[33,110,193,212],"enhances":[34],"across":[38,64],"criteria":[39],"such":[40],"as":[41],"naturalness,":[42],"human-likeness,":[43],"temporal":[44],"consistency,":[45,47],"semantic":[46],"and":[48,88,119,124,177,206,253,266,277,282],"social":[49],"presence.":[50],"second":[52,99,248],"suggests":[54],"language":[56,103,158],"translation":[57,104,154],"does":[58],"not":[59,241],"degrade":[60,242],"these":[65,69],"criteria.":[66],"To":[67],"hypotheses,":[70],"investigated":[72],"three":[73],"conditions":[74],"using":[75],"a":[76,138,182,195],"human:":[78],"voice":[79],"only":[80],"with":[81,92,128,187],"no":[82],"gestures,":[83,87,232],"limited(56":[84],"gestures)":[85],"full":[89],"system":[90],"functionality":[91],"over":[93],"2000":[94],"unique":[95],"gestures.":[96],"For":[97],"hypothesis,":[100],"used":[102,144,153],"to":[105,159,171,214,274],"provide":[106],"multilingual":[107,238],"support,":[108],"retrieving":[109],"from":[111,121,132,194],"an":[112,168],"English":[113,122,160],"rule":[114,140,197],"base.":[115],"We":[116,152],"obtained":[117],"text":[118,150,162],"pose":[120,127,175],"videos":[123],"matched":[125],"units":[130],"derived":[131],"Korean":[133],"speakers\u2019":[134],"motion-capture":[135],"sequences,":[136],"enhancing":[137],"comprehensive":[139,196,218],"base":[141,198],"for":[145,148,161,269],"retrieval":[147],"given":[149],"input.":[151],"non-English":[156],"input":[157],"matching.":[163],"Our":[164],"novel":[165],"method":[166],"utilizes":[167],"improved":[169],"pipeline":[170],"extract":[172],"text,":[173],"2D":[174],"data,":[176],"units.":[180],"Incorporating":[181],"cutting-edge":[183],"gesture-pose":[184],"matching":[185],"model":[186],"deep":[188],"contrastive":[189],"learning,":[190],"retrieved":[192],"containing":[199],"210,000":[200],"rules.":[201],"This":[202],"approach":[203],"optimizes":[204],"alignment":[205],"generates":[207],"realistic,":[208],"semantically":[209],"consistent":[210],"adaptable":[213],"various":[215],"languages.":[216],"A":[217],"study":[220,259],"evaluated":[221],"our":[222,256],"results":[225],"underscored":[226],"positive":[228],"impact":[229],"diverse":[231],"supporting":[233],"hypothesis.":[236,249],"Additionally,":[237],"capabilities":[239],"did":[240],"experience,":[245],"confirming":[246],"Highlighting":[250],"scalability":[252],"flexibility":[254],"method,":[257],"provides":[260],"valuable":[261],"insights":[262],"into":[263],"cross-lingual":[264],"data":[265],"expert":[267],"systems":[268],"generation,":[271],"contributing":[272],"significantly":[273],"more":[275],"engaging":[276],"immersive":[278],"interactions":[281],"broader":[284],"field":[285],"human-computer":[287],"interaction.":[288]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}