{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412939634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3595609","title":"People and Management Debt in ML-Integrated Software Projects: Structuring Industry Insights","display_name":"People and Management Debt in ML-Integrated Software Projects: Structuring Industry Insights","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412939634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3595609"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3595609","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3595609","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3595609","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5119202599","display_name":"Pelin Dayan Akman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201799495","display_name":"Middle East Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/014weej12","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pelin Dayan-Akman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Informatics, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, T&#x00FC;rkiye","Graduate School of Informatics, Middle East Technical University, Universiteler mah, Cankaya, Ankara, T&#x00FC;rkiye"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Informatics, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, T&#x00FC;rkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Informatics, Middle East Technical University, Universiteler mah, Cankaya, Ankara, T&#x00FC;rkiye","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007445875","display_name":"\u00d6zden \u00d6zcan\u2010Top","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6608-0726"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201799495","display_name":"Middle East Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/014weej12","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00d6zden \u00d6zcan-Top","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Informatics, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, T&#x00FC;rkiye","Graduate School of Informatics, Middle East Technical University, Universiteler mah, Cankaya, Ankara, T&#x00FC;rkiye"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Informatics, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, T&#x00FC;rkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Informatics, Middle East Technical University, Universiteler mah, Cankaya, Ankara, T&#x00FC;rkiye","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064355568","display_name":"Tu\u011fba Ta\u015fkaya Temizel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7387-8621"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201799495","display_name":"Middle East Technical University","ror":"https://ror.org/014weej12","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tugba Taskaya Temizel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Informatics, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, T&#x00FC;rkiye","Graduate School of Informatics, Middle East Technical University, Universiteler mah, Cankaya, Ankara, T&#x00FC;rkiye"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Informatics, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, T&#x00FC;rkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Informatics, Middle East Technical University, Universiteler mah, Cankaya, Ankara, T&#x00FC;rkiye","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5119202599"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201799495"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.2688,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83562241,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"137012","last_page":"137032"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10551","display_name":"Scheduling and Optimization Algorithms","score":0.5759999752044678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10551","display_name":"Scheduling and Optimization Algorithms","score":0.5759999752044678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structuring","display_name":"Structuring","score":0.8872509002685547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.583991527557373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technical-debt","display_name":"Technical debt","score":0.5209447145462036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4859863221645355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.3335146903991699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-development","display_name":"Software development","score":0.29001086950302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.235867440700531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.11166295409202576}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775945657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381442","display_name":"Structuring","level":2,"score":0.8872509002685547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.583991527557373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159198006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1532172","display_name":"Technical debt","level":4,"score":0.5209447145462036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4859863221645355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3335146903991699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529173508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638608","display_name":"Software development","level":3,"score":0.29001086950302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.235867440700531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.11166295409202576}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3595609","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3595609","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:76891e63ddb44ae28ebd8156f4600ac0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/76891e63ddb44ae28ebd8156f4600ac0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 137012-137032 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3595609","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3595609","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5699999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18209118","https://openalex.org/W1276866904","https://openalex.org/W1607675442","https://openalex.org/W1965658570","https://openalex.org/W2028836139","https://openalex.org/W2057433090","https://openalex.org/W2104380696","https://openalex.org/W2108025693","https://openalex.org/W2136922540","https://openalex.org/W2164181943","https://openalex.org/W2353739181","https://openalex.org/W2359516361","https://openalex.org/W2806073060","https://openalex.org/W2896671475","https://openalex.org/W2998678832","https://openalex.org/W3014416458","https://openalex.org/W3081499863","https://openalex.org/W3118820303","https://openalex.org/W3128172745","https://openalex.org/W3151685851","https://openalex.org/W3160915530","https://openalex.org/W3178436058","https://openalex.org/W3180253542","https://openalex.org/W3210418146","https://openalex.org/W3212368439","https://openalex.org/W3213556453","https://openalex.org/W3216296953","https://openalex.org/W4200364083","https://openalex.org/W4205981155","https://openalex.org/W4220819090","https://openalex.org/W4298112099","https://openalex.org/W4312355141","https://openalex.org/W4386064617","https://openalex.org/W4388486528","https://openalex.org/W4389921420","https://openalex.org/W4391839537","https://openalex.org/W4393928775","https://openalex.org/W4411143810","https://openalex.org/W4411143940","https://openalex.org/W6687241523","https://openalex.org/W6746696776","https://openalex.org/W6783549871"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2070437629","https://openalex.org/W4394443292","https://openalex.org/W2060038150","https://openalex.org/W2031271477","https://openalex.org/W1840755814","https://openalex.org/W4251394462","https://openalex.org/W1580673008"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"accelerated":[1],"development":[2],"of":[3,21,80,116,142,195],"Machine":[4],"Learning":[5],"(ML)":[6],"tools,":[7],"combined":[8],"with":[9,123,159,259],"broader":[10],"access":[11],"to":[12,58,145,152,184,243],"frameworks":[13],"and":[14,54,70,89,148,164,189,209,222,228,251,266],"infrastructures,":[15],"has":[16],"driven":[17],"the":[18,77,149,244,256],"rapid":[19],"adoption":[20],"ML-based":[22],"solutions":[23,235],"in":[24,50,67,82,102,111,172,199,219],"industry.":[25],"However,":[26],"their":[27],"integration":[28],"into":[29],"software":[30,84],"systems":[31],"introduces":[32],"unique":[33],"challenges,":[34],"particularly":[35,181],"for":[36],"managing":[37],"technical":[38,47],"debt":[39,61],"(TD).":[40],"Traditional":[41],"TD":[42,68],"research":[43],"focuses":[44],"primarily":[45],"on":[46,87],"issues,":[48],"but":[49],"ML":[51,112,131,173],"systems,":[52,85],"people,":[53],"management":[55,153],"factors,":[56],"referred":[57],"as":[59,203,213,215],"nontechnical":[60],"(NTD),":[62],"play":[63],"a":[64],"critical":[65],"role":[66],"accumulation":[69,245],"persistence.":[71],"In":[72],"this":[73,117],"study,":[74],"we":[75,98,119,136],"investigate":[76],"underexplored":[78],"dimension":[79],"NTD":[81,109,139,171,196],"ML-integrated":[83],"focusing":[86],"people":[88,146],"management-related":[90],"factors.":[91],"Using":[92],"Design":[93],"Science":[94],"Research":[95],"(DSR)":[96],"methodology,":[97],"developed":[99],"an":[100,103],"artifact":[101,258],"iterative":[104],"incremental":[105],"manner":[106],"that":[107,170],"categorizes":[108],"issues":[110],"systems.":[113],"As":[114],"part":[115],"process,":[118],"conducted":[120],"semi-structured":[121],"interviews":[122],"18":[124],"professionals":[125],"from":[126,177],"15":[127,138],"companies,":[128],"examining":[129],"22":[130],"projects.":[132],"Through":[133],"thematic":[134],"analysis,":[135],"identified":[137],"categories,":[140],"10":[141],"which":[143],"relate":[144],"debt,":[147],"remaining":[150],"5":[151],"debt.":[154],"Each":[155],"category":[156],"is":[157],"associated":[158],"underlying":[160],"causes,":[161],"short-term":[162,238],"fixes,":[163],"potential":[165],"solutions.":[166],"Our":[167],"findings":[168],"show":[169],"projects":[174],"frequently":[175,241],"arise":[176],"inadequate":[178],"decision-making":[179],"practices,":[180],"those":[182],"related":[183],"technology":[185],"adoption,":[186],"knowledge":[187],"management,":[188],"human":[190],"resource":[191],"planning.":[192],"Additional":[193],"sources":[194],"include":[197],"challenges":[198],"team":[200,211,223],"dynamics,":[201],"such":[202],"insufficient":[204],"collaboration,":[205],"poor":[206],"skill":[207],"integration,":[208],"ineffective":[210],"structuring,":[212],"well":[214],"communication":[216],"barriers":[217],"rooted":[218],"organizational":[220],"culture":[221],"interactions.":[224],"These":[225],"factors":[226],"collectively":[227],"substantially":[229],"impact":[230],"project":[231],"outcomes.":[232],"While":[233],"band-aid":[234],"may":[236],"provide":[237],"relief,":[239],"they":[240],"contribute":[242],"over":[246],"time.":[247],"To":[248],"support":[249],"practitioners":[250],"researchers,":[252],"our":[253],"study":[254],"complements":[255],"proposed":[257],"actionable":[260],"recommendations":[261],"informed":[262],"by":[263],"expert":[264],"perspectives":[265],"literature.":[267]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-26T15:22:09.906841","created_date":"2025-08-05T00:00:00"}
