{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412939619","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3595177","title":"EvalRound+ Bootstrapping and Its Rigorous Analysis for CKKS Scheme","display_name":"EvalRound+ Bootstrapping and Its Rigorous Analysis for CKKS Scheme","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412939619","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3595177"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3595177","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3595177","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3595177","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103866146","display_name":"Ha\u2010Jung Sung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2602-9431"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138925566","display_name":"Ewha Womans University","ror":"https://ror.org/053fp5c05","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138925566"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyewon Sung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea","Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2602-9431","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138925566"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138925566"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sieun Seo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4944-0942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138925566","display_name":"Ewha Womans University","ror":"https://ror.org/053fp5c05","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138925566"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sieun Seo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea","Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4944-0942","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138925566"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138925566"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008389956","display_name":"Taekyung Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8834-4796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taekyung Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["CryptoLab Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea","Crypto Lab Inc., 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8834-4796","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CryptoLab Inc., Gwanak-gu, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Crypto Lab Inc., 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027246017","display_name":"Chohong Min","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6108-8742"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138925566","display_name":"Ewha Womans University","ror":"https://ror.org/053fp5c05","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138925566"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chohong Min","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea","Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5378-7738","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ewha Womans University, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138925566"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ewha Womans University, 52 Ewhayeodae-gil, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138925566"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":8.7939,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97456608,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"140847","last_page":"140866"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10820","display_name":"Fuzzy Logic and Control Systems","score":0.6837999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10820","display_name":"Fuzzy Logic and Control Systems","score":0.6837999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6238033175468445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bootstrapping","display_name":"Bootstrapping (finance)","score":0.6195724010467529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5646157264709473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3418189287185669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.21444356441497803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.16422265768051147}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6238033175468445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207609745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4944086","display_name":"Bootstrapping (finance)","level":2,"score":0.6195724010467529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5646157264709473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3418189287185669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.21444356441497803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.16422265768051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3595177","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3595177","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a52aa7b80d77465caf713add902bc27e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a52aa7b80d77465caf713add902bc27e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 140847-140866 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3595177","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3595177","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W236632755","https://openalex.org/W2031533839","https://openalex.org/W2119667497","https://openalex.org/W2768174108","https://openalex.org/W2794927157","https://openalex.org/W2794974431","https://openalex.org/W2942711826","https://openalex.org/W3006531732","https://openalex.org/W3094696138","https://openalex.org/W3120341667","https://openalex.org/W3169180249","https://openalex.org/W3173794758","https://openalex.org/W4285208040","https://openalex.org/W4308643074","https://openalex.org/W4320155041","https://openalex.org/W4385654446","https://openalex.org/W6638718016","https://openalex.org/W6756133136","https://openalex.org/W6756841640"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1534274833","https://openalex.org/W3117246195","https://openalex.org/W156620619","https://openalex.org/W2098233217","https://openalex.org/W2914363205","https://openalex.org/W2616249226","https://openalex.org/W2997844990"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Bootstrapping":[0],"stands":[1],"as":[2,96],"a":[3,115],"fundamental":[4],"component":[5],"of":[6,20,28,37,58,74,103,117,137],"fully":[7,38],"homomorphic":[8,39],"encryption":[9,40],"schemes.":[10],"This":[11],"work":[12],"is":[13],"aimed":[14],"to":[15,67,88,95,145,158],"significantly":[16],"reduce":[17],"the":[18,26,35,65,70,82,90,101],"consumption":[19,73],"modulus":[21,29,59,75,138],"in":[22,30,60,76,84,106,112,140,161],"bootstrapping":[23,53,105,133,147,160],"and":[24,81,108,119,127,142,154],"increase":[25,83],"reservoir":[27],"general":[31],"purpose,":[32],"thereby":[33],"enhancing":[34],"efficiency":[36],"performance,":[41],"specifically":[42],"for":[43,69],"Cheon-Kim-Kim-Song":[44],"scheme":[45],"[Asiacrypt\u201917].":[46],"Kim":[47],"et":[48,151],"al.":[49,152],"[Asiacrypt\u201922]":[50],"suggested":[51,148],"EvalRound":[52,104,159],"which":[54],"achieved":[55,134],"remarkable":[56],"reduction":[57],"CoeffToSlot,":[61],"but":[62],"there":[63],"was":[64,78],"price":[66],"pay":[68],"benefit.":[71],"The":[72],"SlotToCoeff":[77,143],"rather":[79],"increased,":[80],"some":[85],"cases":[86],"amounts":[87],"invalidate":[89],"reduction.":[91],"Our":[92],"proposal,":[93],"referred":[94],"EvalRound<sup":[97,130],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[98,131],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">+</sup>,":[99],"inherits":[100],"advantage":[102],"CoeffToSlot":[107,141],"resolved":[109],"its":[110],"disadvantage":[111],"SlotToCoeff.":[113],"Through":[114],"set":[116],"rigorous":[118],"comprehensive":[120],"analyses":[121],"including":[122],"causality":[123],"tracing,":[124],"momentum":[125],"analysis":[126],"sparsity":[128],"pattern,":[129],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">+</sup>":[132],"about":[135,155],"36%":[136],"reductions":[139],"compared":[144,157],"state-of-art":[146],"by":[149],"Bossuat":[150],"[Eurocrypt\u201921]":[153],"35%":[156],"tests":[162],"with":[163],"commonly":[164],"used":[165],"parameter":[166],"sets.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-08-05T00:00:00"}
