{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412722250","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3593690","title":"Routine Testing\u2013Oriented Method for Evaluating Inductive Current Transformers Accuracy Under Harmonic Distortion, Based on Maximum Current Error and Phase Displacement","display_name":"Routine Testing\u2013Oriented Method for Evaluating Inductive Current Transformers Accuracy Under Harmonic Distortion, Based on Maximum Current Error and Phase Displacement","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412722250","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3593690"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3593690","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3593690","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3593690","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041808373","display_name":"M. Kaczmarek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6518-9161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188884621","display_name":"Lodz University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00s8fpf52","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188884621"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michal Kaczmarek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Mechatronics and Information Systems, Lodz University of Technology, &#x0141;&#x00F3;d&#x017A;, Poland","Institute of Mechatronics and Information Systems, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6518-9161","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Mechatronics and Information Systems, Lodz University of Technology, &#x0141;&#x00F3;d&#x017A;, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188884621"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Mechatronics and Information Systems, Lodz University of Technology, Lodz, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188884621"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041808373"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188884621"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.6434,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66161783,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"137491","last_page":"137504"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11222","display_name":"Magnetic Properties and Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11222","display_name":"Magnetic Properties and Applications","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12300","display_name":"Advanced Electrical Measurement Techniques","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12510","display_name":"Magneto-Optical Properties and Applications","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonics","display_name":"Harmonics","score":0.7162339091300964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current","display_name":"Current (fluid)","score":0.6906882524490356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/current-transformer","display_name":"Current transformer","score":0.6821545362472534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5042442083358765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.35758769512176514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.32792025804519653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.297417551279068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.21502894163131714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15260925889015198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10852396488189697}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188414643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001183","display_name":"Harmonics","level":3,"score":0.7162339091300964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148043351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4456944","display_name":"Current (fluid)","level":2,"score":0.6906882524490356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133770746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856535","display_name":"Current transformer","level":4,"score":0.6821545362472534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5042442083358765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.35758769512176514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.32792025804519653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.297417551279068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.21502894163131714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15260925889015198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10852396488189697}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3593690","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3593690","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:712953c5b99f44c2aa916f4ccd5d7132","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/712953c5b99f44c2aa916f4ccd5d7132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 137491-137504 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3593690","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3593690","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5699999928474426,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2579388279","https://openalex.org/W2905934908","https://openalex.org/W2946251599","https://openalex.org/W3000814138","https://openalex.org/W3138517703","https://openalex.org/W3157183504","https://openalex.org/W3173671281","https://openalex.org/W3204058572","https://openalex.org/W4224274772","https://openalex.org/W4289941625","https://openalex.org/W4322704019","https://openalex.org/W4386724927","https://openalex.org/W4390826519","https://openalex.org/W4390873668","https://openalex.org/W4399409311","https://openalex.org/W4400448647","https://openalex.org/W4404494941","https://openalex.org/W4405458689","https://openalex.org/W4408743084","https://openalex.org/W4409326738","https://openalex.org/W4409616758"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2039242888","https://openalex.org/W2370517014","https://openalex.org/W2515867587","https://openalex.org/W1838021708","https://openalex.org/W2535445299","https://openalex.org/W2020985248","https://openalex.org/W75722962","https://openalex.org/W4214595193","https://openalex.org/W2362354458","https://openalex.org/W2347998791"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,39],"the":[1,4,9,21,24,29,32,36,42,47,53,73,90,119,123,127,135,140,196,213,221,239],"case":[2],"of":[3,23,31,35,72,75,89,93,101,130,137,171,199,215,224,230],"modern":[5],"inductive":[6,106,225],"current":[7,26,69,94,103,107,156,200,226],"transformers":[8,108,227],"most":[10],"important":[11,116],"factor":[12],"that":[13,121],"have":[14,144],"influence":[15,146],"on":[16,134,147],"their":[17,59,148,168],"wideband":[18],"accuracy":[19,61,111,173,179,223],"is":[20,55,115,158],"self-distortion":[22],"secondary":[25],"caused":[27],"by":[28,105,186],"nonlinearity":[30],"magnetization":[33],"characteristic":[34],"magnetic":[37],"core.":[38],"response":[40],"to":[41,45,57,118,211,238,243],"industry":[43],"requirement":[44],"simplify":[46],"measuring":[48],"procedure":[49,241],"in":[50,139,233,236,246],"this":[51,81,216],"paper":[52],"idea":[54],"proposed":[56,82],"evaluate":[58],"transformation":[60,100,149,172,222],"from":[62],"tests":[63],"made":[64],"for":[65,99,110,154,167,174,178,219,228],"increased":[66],"frequency":[67],"sinusoidal":[68],"with":[70],"consideration":[71],"impact":[74],"self-generated":[76],"low-order":[77],"higher":[78,131,194],"harmonics.":[79],"Moreover,":[80],"method":[83,218],"ensures":[84],"simple":[85],"and":[86,96,126,143,160,192,202],"fast":[87],"determination":[88],"maximum":[91,197],"values":[92,129,198],"error":[95,201],"phase":[97,124,203],"displacement":[98,204],"distorted":[102,175,187,231],"harmonics":[104,132,195,229],"essential":[109],"class":[112,180],"assessment.":[113],"This":[114],"due":[117],"fact,":[120],"both":[122],"angles":[125],"RMS":[128],"depend":[133],"source":[136],"disturbances":[138],"power":[141],"network":[142],"significant":[145],"accuracy.":[150],"Therefore,":[151],"different":[152,155],"results":[153],"distortion":[157],"possible":[159],"these":[161],"multiple":[162],"conditions":[163],"should":[164],"be":[165,244],"considered":[166],"reliable":[169],"test":[170,235],"currents.":[176],"However,":[177],"evaluation":[181],"they":[182],"are":[183,205],"correctly":[184],"represented":[185],"waveform":[188],"containing":[189],"main":[190],"component":[191],"single":[193],"determined.":[206],"The":[207],"presented":[208],"analyses":[209],"aim":[210],"justify":[212],"application":[214],"simplified":[217],"testing":[220],"currents":[232],"routine":[234],"contrast":[237],"full":[240],"required":[242],"used":[245],"type":[247],"test.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-04T09:04:59.091469","created_date":"2025-07-29T00:00:00"}
