{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412687902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3590656","title":"Classification of Apolipoprotein E \u03f54 Allele Carriers in Cognitively Healthy Older Adults and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Patients Using Event-Related Potentials and Event-Related Spectral Perturbation","display_name":"Classification of Apolipoprotein E \u03f54 Allele Carriers in Cognitively Healthy Older Adults and Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Patients Using Event-Related Potentials and Event-Related Spectral Perturbation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412687902","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3590656"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3590656","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3590656","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3590656","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115513440","display_name":"Kau\u00ea O. Frass\u00e3o","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71715416","display_name":"Universidade Federal do ABC","ror":"https://ror.org/028kg9j04","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71715416"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kau\u00ea O. Frass\u00e3o","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences Center (CECS), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences Center (CECS), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71715416"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Sandro M. S. Filho","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71715416","display_name":"Universidade Federal do ABC","ror":"https://ror.org/028kg9j04","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71715416"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sandro M. S. Filho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences Center (CECS), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences Center (CECS), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71715416"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083567347","display_name":"Renata Valle Pedroso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3583-2566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177909021","display_name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Carlos","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdc6m37","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177909021"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Renata Valle Pedroso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gerontology (Dgero), Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gerontology (Dgero), Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177909021"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074270035","display_name":"Carla Manuela Crispim Nascimento","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6446-796X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177909021","display_name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Carlos","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdc6m37","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177909021"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carla M. Crispim Nascimento","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gerontology (Dgero), Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6446-796X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gerontology (Dgero), Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177909021"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055743488","display_name":"Henrique Pott","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3126-2946"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177909021","display_name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Carlos","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdc6m37","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177909021"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henrique Pott","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gerontology (Dgero), Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gerontology (Dgero), Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177909021"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040246880","display_name":"M\u00e1rcia R. Cominetti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6385-7392"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177909021","display_name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Carlos","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdc6m37","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177909021"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcia Regina Cominetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Gerontology (Dgero), Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6385-7392","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Gerontology (Dgero), Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177909021"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000085110","display_name":"Francisco J. Fraga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4895-807X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71715416","display_name":"Universidade Federal do ABC","ror":"https://ror.org/028kg9j04","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71715416"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco J. Fraga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences Center (CECS), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4895-807X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences Center (CECS), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71715416"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16655068,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"127911","last_page":"127925"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10211","display_name":"Computational Drug Discovery Methods","score":0.9825999736785889,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10211","display_name":"Computational Drug Discovery Methods","score":0.9825999736785889,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10241","display_name":"Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10086","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease research and treatments","score":0.9703999757766724,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/apolipoprotein-e","display_name":"Apolipoprotein E","score":0.6577271223068237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event-related-potential","display_name":"Event-related potential","score":0.5617598295211792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/allele","display_name":"Allele","score":0.5512191653251648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disease","display_name":"Disease","score":0.547274112701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alzheimers-disease","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease","score":0.4756188690662384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.4448549151420593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.43164244294166565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.30500328540802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internal-medicine","display_name":"Internal medicine","score":0.2898157238960266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.28909173607826233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.22978171706199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.20582294464111328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15170425176620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.12227404117584229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.11325132846832275}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57089818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424728","display_name":"Apolipoprotein E","level":3,"score":0.6577271223068237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67359045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14026181","display_name":"Event-related potential","level":3,"score":0.5617598295211792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180754005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80726","display_name":"Allele","level":3,"score":0.5512191653251648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.547274112701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502032728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081","display_name":"Alzheimer's disease","level":3,"score":0.4756188690662384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4448549151420593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.43164244294166565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.30500328540802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2898157238960266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.28909173607826233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.22978171706199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.20582294464111328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15170425176620483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.12227404117584229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.11325132846832275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3590656","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3590656","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3590656","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3590656","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3780132645","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023/05344-1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6052882949","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019/02648-4","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G69983243","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017/18808-5","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1541126883","https://openalex.org/W1590047728","https://openalex.org/W1789750851","https://openalex.org/W1980553000","https://openalex.org/W1991952617","https://openalex.org/W1993752725","https://openalex.org/W1996031356","https://openalex.org/W2002313059","https://openalex.org/W2003233718","https://openalex.org/W2006534012","https://openalex.org/W2007929153","https://openalex.org/W2008056655","https://openalex.org/W2008626135","https://openalex.org/W2009339691","https://openalex.org/W2022167326","https://openalex.org/W2029490153","https://openalex.org/W2035695037","https://openalex.org/W2036362108","https://openalex.org/W2037923840","https://openalex.org/W2041679524","https://openalex.org/W2045103094","https://openalex.org/W2054819941","https://openalex.org/W2064059030","https://openalex.org/W2116308679","https://openalex.org/W2118363256","https://openalex.org/W2123649031","https://openalex.org/W2124434422","https://openalex.org/W2128495200","https://openalex.org/W2155575770","https://openalex.org/W2162602080","https://openalex.org/W2238615695","https://openalex.org/W2265553328","https://openalex.org/W2604482032","https://openalex.org/W2745570192","https://openalex.org/W2750345052","https://openalex.org/W2763350515","https://openalex.org/W2787894218","https://openalex.org/W2810334272","https://openalex.org/W2895258853","https://openalex.org/W2901880202","https://openalex.org/W2906105053","https://openalex.org/W2914237854","https://openalex.org/W2997591727","https://openalex.org/W3004071269","https://openalex.org/W3015891009","https://openalex.org/W3022473425","https://openalex.org/W3087003025","https://openalex.org/W3136637725","https://openalex.org/W3197904180","https://openalex.org/W4200435398","https://openalex.org/W4367596614","https://openalex.org/W4396560090","https://openalex.org/W4404378250","https://openalex.org/W4405489354","https://openalex.org/W6638216351"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3096251967","https://openalex.org/W2517337661","https://openalex.org/W2028525371","https://openalex.org/W2316164675","https://openalex.org/W1882000658","https://openalex.org/W2765880290","https://openalex.org/W1973159101","https://openalex.org/W2386901427","https://openalex.org/W2416280054","https://openalex.org/W2399432594"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Alzheimer\u2019s":[0,325],"disease":[1,8,20],"(AD)":[2],"is":[3,21,48,65,250],"the":[4,16,72,81,96,101,153,167,176,179,189,201,221,233,246,282,288,292,299,305,312,317],"most":[5],"common":[6],"neurodegenerative":[7,59],"in":[9,71,200,218,232,245,269],"older":[10,270,277],"adults.":[11,278],"With":[12],"increasing":[13],"life":[14],"expectancy,":[15],"incidence":[17],"of":[18,31,34,43,95,108,114,129,178,203,220,290,301],"this":[19,79,225],"expected":[22],"to":[23,74,160,182,237,264],"increase":[24],"over":[25],"time.":[26],"Individuals":[27],"who":[28],"are":[29],"carriers":[30,94,268],"the$\\varepsilon":[32],"4$allele":[33,267],"Apolipoprotein":[35,327],"E":[36],"(APOE$\\varepsilon":[37],"4$)":[38],"have":[39],"a":[40,49,89,259,321],"greater":[41,195],"chance":[42],"developing":[44],"AD.":[45,77],"Electroencephalography":[46],"(EEG)":[47],"relatively":[50],"inexpensive":[51],"and":[52,122,131,156,186,197,242,274,297,303],"non-invasive":[53],"method":[54,263],"that":[55,211,249],"can":[56,136],"help":[57,75],"diagnose":[58],"diseases.":[60],"Event-Related":[61,82],"Potentials":[62],"(ERP)":[63],"analysis":[64],"an":[66],"EEG":[67,135],"tool":[68,86,149],"widely":[69],"used":[70,138,151,174,252],"literature":[73],"identify":[76,265],"In":[78],"study,":[80],"Spectral":[83],"Perturbation":[84],"(ERSP)":[85],"was":[87,150,172,213,284,294],"added,":[88],"novel":[90],"application":[91],"for":[92,152,162,240,253],"identifying":[93],"APOE$\\varepsilon":[97,109,120,125,266],"4$allele.":[98],"We":[99,208],"subdivided":[100],"individuals":[102],"into":[103],"four":[104],"groups:":[105],"control":[106,112],"group":[107,113],"4$carriers":[110,116],"(CT-C),":[111],"non-APOE$\\varepsilon":[115],"(CT-N),":[117],"AD":[118,123,273],"carrying":[119],"4$(AD-C),":[121],"without":[124],"4$(AD-N).":[126],"The":[127,147],"extraction":[128,158],"ERP":[130,217,280,302],"ERSP":[132,212],"features":[133,141],"from":[134],"be":[137],"as":[139,320],"classifier":[140],"using":[142],"Machine":[143,206],"Learning":[144],"(ML)":[145],"techniques.":[146],"EEGLAB":[148],"data":[154],"preparation":[155],"feature":[157,184,336],"pipeline":[159],"search":[161],"statistically":[163,229],"significant":[164,230],"differences":[165,231],"between":[166],"groups.":[168],"Python":[169],"programming":[170],"language":[171],"also":[173,209,227],"with":[175,272,287,298],"aid":[177],"scikit-learn":[180],"library":[181],"perform":[183],"selection":[185],"classification.":[187],"Among":[188],"classifiers":[190],"we":[191,193,315],"used,":[192],"identified":[194],"accuracy":[196,306],"technical":[198],"advantage":[199],"use":[202,289],"Support":[204],"Vector":[205],"(SVM).":[207],"found":[210],"more":[214],"effective":[215],"than":[216],"terms":[219],"ML":[222],"accuracy.":[223],"Interestingly,":[224],"study":[226,257],"observed":[228],"pre-stimulus":[234],"interval":[235,248],"(\u2212500":[236],"0":[238],"ms)":[239],"ERSP,":[241,291,304],"not":[243],"only":[244],"post-stimulus":[247],"generally":[251],"cognitive":[254],"studies.":[255],"This":[256],"proposed":[258],"machine":[260,334],"learning":[261],"classification":[262,313],"adults":[271],"cognitively":[275],"healthy":[276],"Using":[279],"alone,":[281],"performance":[283,293,322],"poor,":[285],"but":[286],"much":[295],"better,":[296],"fusion":[300],"values":[307],"were":[308],"even":[309],"higher.":[310],"Besides":[311],"accuracy,":[314],"added":[316],"F1":[318],"score":[319],"metric.INDEX":[323],"TERMS":[324],"disease,":[326],"E,":[328],"event-related":[329,331],"potentials,":[330],"spectral":[332],"perturbation,":[333],"learning,":[335],"selection.":[337]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}