{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412793691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3590521","title":"A Hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision-Making and Multi-Objective Framework for Optimal Sizing of PV-Powered EV Charging Station With Battery Storage","display_name":"A Hybrid Multi-Criteria Decision-Making and Multi-Objective Framework for Optimal Sizing of PV-Powered EV Charging Station With Battery Storage","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412793691","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3590521"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3590521","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3590521","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3590521","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062097826","display_name":"Soumya Sathyan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0714-336X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81556334","display_name":"Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham","ror":"https://ror.org/03am10p12","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soumya Sathyan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0714-336X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045800536","display_name":"V. Ravikumar Pandi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I81556334","display_name":"Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham","ror":"https://ror.org/03am10p12","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Ravikumar Pandi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1299-2276","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I81556334"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080728860","display_name":"Preetha Sreekumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0533-585X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119744171","display_name":"Higher Colleges of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qmy9z88","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119744171"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Preetha Sreekumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Higher Colleges of Technology, Dubai Women&#x2019;s Campus, Dubai, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0533-585X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Higher Colleges of Technology, Dubai Women&#x2019;s Campus, Dubai, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119744171"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001165359","display_name":"Nishant Thakkar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3686-1630"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nishant Thakkar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070234944","display_name":"Surender Reddy Salkuti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3849-6051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I85389745","display_name":"Woosong University","ror":"https://ror.org/02srty072","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I85389745"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Surender Reddy Salkuti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Railroad and Electrical Engineering, Woosong University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3849-6051","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Railroad and Electrical Engineering, Woosong University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I85389745"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.1198,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87918096,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"129977","last_page":"129994"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10663","display_name":"Advanced Battery Technologies Research","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sizing","display_name":"Sizing","score":0.8694486618041992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","score":0.6616641283035278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5991076827049255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-storage","display_name":"Energy storage","score":0.546624481678009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photovoltaic-system","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","score":0.5155518054962158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.5001928806304932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battery-storage","display_name":"Battery storage","score":0.49006497859954834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.4437360167503357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.431160569190979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21698325872421265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.11637178063392639}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777767291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080291","display_name":"Sizing","level":2,"score":0.8694486618041992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.6616641283035278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5991076827049255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73916439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837718","display_name":"Energy storage","level":3,"score":0.546624481678009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41291067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897785","display_name":"Photovoltaic system","level":2,"score":0.5155518054962158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.5001928806304932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983735921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1832610","display_name":"Battery storage","level":4,"score":0.49006497859954834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.4437360167503357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.431160569190979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21698325872421265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.11637178063392639},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3590521","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3590521","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7a71a9e260874380afc844ad2081a06e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7a71a9e260874380afc844ad2081a06e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 129977-129994 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3590521","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3590521","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007891144","https://openalex.org/W2773993049","https://openalex.org/W2790177694","https://openalex.org/W2794326861","https://openalex.org/W2935634117","https://openalex.org/W2945102769","https://openalex.org/W2963006448","https://openalex.org/W3047244894","https://openalex.org/W3081482773","https://openalex.org/W3107779832","https://openalex.org/W3108064652","https://openalex.org/W3150070789","https://openalex.org/W3195514277","https://openalex.org/W3197336980","https://openalex.org/W3214410842","https://openalex.org/W4285111959","https://openalex.org/W4286685116","https://openalex.org/W4296558541","https://openalex.org/W4362496962","https://openalex.org/W4377964702","https://openalex.org/W4382315285","https://openalex.org/W4382679790","https://openalex.org/W4385986511","https://openalex.org/W4386746738","https://openalex.org/W4389664948","https://openalex.org/W4389932996","https://openalex.org/W4391338742","https://openalex.org/W4392470011","https://openalex.org/W4392920272","https://openalex.org/W4393429719","https://openalex.org/W4396716309","https://openalex.org/W4399282658","https://openalex.org/W4401357600","https://openalex.org/W4401378581","https://openalex.org/W4401509941","https://openalex.org/W4401702248","https://openalex.org/W4401837866","https://openalex.org/W4403678158","https://openalex.org/W4404830862","https://openalex.org/W4405695036","https://openalex.org/W4405908068","https://openalex.org/W4406125450","https://openalex.org/W4406523055","https://openalex.org/W4408132874","https://openalex.org/W4408693670","https://openalex.org/W4409088689"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4387389839","https://openalex.org/W2078404541","https://openalex.org/W2383088574","https://openalex.org/W2286812802","https://openalex.org/W1546249836","https://openalex.org/W2599668613","https://openalex.org/W1659326359","https://openalex.org/W2118811118","https://openalex.org/W1513907279","https://openalex.org/W2109076297"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,18,148],"fast-paced":[1],"expansion":[2],"of":[3,10,20,87,161,173,249,277],"Electric":[4],"Vehicles":[5],"(EVs)":[6],"necessitates":[7],"the":[8,84,123,140,145,162,171,181,186,201,247,274,285],"establishment":[9],"efficient,":[11],"sustainable,":[12],"and":[13,34,44,55,58,64,70,79,102,159,211,235,238,283,296],"resilient":[14],"infrastructure":[15],"for":[16,287],"charging.":[17],"design":[19,183,230,308],"EV":[21,301],"charging":[22,302],"stations":[23],"(EVCS)":[24],"should":[25],"incorporate":[26],"renewable":[27],"energy":[28],"sources":[29],"to":[30,61,68,82,118,138,169,305,309],"reduce":[31],"grid":[32,213,240],"stress":[33],"adopt":[35],"a":[36,76,88,106,131,229,257,263,288],"multifaceted":[37],"approach":[38,115],"that":[39,265,291],"considers":[40,292],"economic,":[41,99,293],"social,":[42,100],"reliability,":[43,101,227,295],"environmental":[45,65,103],"parameters.":[46],"However,":[47],"existing":[48],"optimization":[49,78,282],"studies":[50,166],"primarily":[51],"focus":[52],"on":[53,180,198],"economic":[54,199],"reliability":[56],"criteria":[57],"often":[59],"tend":[60],"neglect":[62],"social":[63,297],"considerations,":[66],"leading":[67],"suboptimal":[69],"inequitable":[71],"solutions.":[72],"This":[73],"study":[74],"proposes":[75],"hybrid":[77,132],"decision-making":[80],"framework":[81,150],"determine":[83],"optimal":[85,120],"configuration":[86,203,264],"PV-powered":[89],"EVCS":[90],"having":[91],"battery":[92,209,236],"backup":[93],"simultaneously":[94],"considering":[95],"all":[96,268],"4":[97],"parameters-":[98],"factors":[104],"through":[105],"two-layer":[107],"approach.":[108],"A":[109],"Multi-Objective":[110],"Particle":[111],"Swarm":[112],"Optimization":[113],"(MOPSO)":[114],"is":[116],"employed":[117],"identify":[119],"configurations":[121],"in":[122,144,262,280],"first":[124],"layer,":[125],"which":[126,155,225],"are":[127],"then":[128],"evaluated":[129],"using":[130,153,185],"TOPSIS-AHP-based":[133],"Multi-Criteria":[134],"Decision-Making":[135],"(MCDM)":[136],"method":[137],"select":[139],"most":[141],"balanced":[142,258,289],"solution":[143],"second":[146],"layer.":[147],"proposed":[149,187],"was":[151,196],"implemented":[152],"MATLAB,":[154],"enabled":[156],"efficient":[157],"development":[158],"testing":[160],"algorithm.":[163],"Three":[164],"case":[165],"were":[167],"conducted":[168],"evaluate":[170],"influence":[172],"Analytic":[174],"Hierarchy":[175],"Process":[176],"(AHP)":[177],"derived":[178],"weights":[179],"system":[182,244,307],"obtained":[184],"framework.":[188],"In":[189],"Case":[190,222,253],"Study":[191,223,254],"1,":[192],"where":[193],"greater":[194],"emphasis":[195],"placed":[197],"performance,":[200],"resulting":[202,261],"featured":[204],"high":[205,233],"PV":[206,234],"capacity,":[207],"low":[208],"storage,":[210],"minimal":[212],"dependence":[214],"ensuring":[215],"cost-effectiveness":[216],"but":[217],"introducing":[218],"potential":[219],"intermittency":[220],"risks.":[221],"2,":[224],"prioritized":[226],"yielded":[228],"with":[231],"both":[232],"capacities":[237],"reduced":[239],"reliance,":[241],"thereby":[242,299],"enhancing":[243],"resilience":[245],"at":[246],"expense":[248],"higher":[250],"capital":[251],"investment.":[252],"3":[255],"adopted":[256],"weighting":[259],"approach,":[260],"moderately":[266],"satisfied":[267],"performance":[269],"criteria.":[270],"These":[271],"findings":[272],"underscore":[273],"pivotal":[275],"role":[276],"weight":[278],"selection":[279],"multi-criteria":[281],"emphasize":[284],"need":[286],"strategy":[290],"environmental,":[294],"parameters,":[298],"enabling":[300],"station":[303],"operators":[304],"tailor":[306],"their":[310],"specific":[311],"operational":[312],"priorities.":[313]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T07:54:00.901334","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
