{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412404171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3588572","title":"Development of a Compact Optical Tracking System With Motorized Variable Zoom and Rotation for Tracking Range Adjustment in Image-Guided Surgery","display_name":"Development of a Compact Optical Tracking System With Motorized Variable Zoom and Rotation for Tracking Range Adjustment in Image-Guided Surgery","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412404171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3588572"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3588572","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3588572","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3588572","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033654165","display_name":"Deokgi Jeung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7223-1540"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111434","display_name":"Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials","ror":"https://ror.org/01qcq9d74","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210111434","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deokgi Jeung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Robotics, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daegu, South Korea","Department of Medical Robotics, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daegu, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7223-1540","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Robotics, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daegu, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111434"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Robotics, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daegu, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111434"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075217125","display_name":"Daxiong Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4800-5807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178889419","display_name":"Daegu Cyber University","ror":"https://ror.org/027yf1g97","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178889419"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daekeun Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digitrack Inc., Daegu, South Korea","DIGITRACK. Inc, Daegu, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digitrack Inc., Daegu, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178889419"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DIGITRACK. Inc, Daegu, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178889419"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101901416","display_name":"Hyunseok Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4961-3655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178889419","display_name":"Daegu Cyber University","ror":"https://ror.org/027yf1g97","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178889419"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyunseok Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digitrack Inc., Daegu, South Korea","DIGITRACK. Inc, Daegu, Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digitrack Inc., Daegu, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178889419"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DIGITRACK. Inc, Daegu, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178889419"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011945815","display_name":"Joonho Seo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0330-1805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111434","display_name":"Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials","ror":"https://ror.org/01qcq9d74","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210111434","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joonho Seo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Robotics, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daegu, South Korea","Department of Medical Robotics, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daegu, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0330-1805","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Robotics, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daegu, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111434"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Robotics, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daegu, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111434"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049698155","display_name":"Seongbo Shim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2743-6184"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111434","display_name":"Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials","ror":"https://ror.org/01qcq9d74","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210111434","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seongbo Shim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medical Robotics, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daegu, South Korea","Department of Medical Robotics, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daegu, Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2743-6184","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Robotics, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daegu, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111434"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medical Robotics, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daegu, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111434"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.26727455,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"128465","last_page":"128474"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10916","display_name":"Surgical Simulation and Training","score":0.9401000142097473,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10916","display_name":"Surgical Simulation and Training","score":0.9401000142097473,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.9111999869346619,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zoom","display_name":"Zoom","score":0.7705717086791992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6977519392967224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6475237607955933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6084529757499695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotation","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","score":0.6053033471107483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.5532641410827637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking-system","display_name":"Tracking system","score":0.4353167712688446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.2438458502292633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.10463982820510864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07188796997070312}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124913957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1232548","display_name":"Zoom","level":3,"score":0.7705717086791992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6977519392967224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6475237607955933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6084529757499695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74050887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848368","display_name":"Rotation (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6053033471107483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.5532641410827637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154586513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420972","display_name":"Tracking system","level":3,"score":0.4353167712688446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.2438458502292633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.10463982820510864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07188796997070312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3588572","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3588572","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c10701c0125f4796aeaceb9cba949e9a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c10701c0125f4796aeaceb9cba949e9a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 128465-128474 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3588572","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3588572","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7251050030","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NK258D","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322098","funder_display_name":"Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322098","display_name":"Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials","ror":"https://ror.org/01qcq9d74"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1678863187","https://openalex.org/W2046983479","https://openalex.org/W2085261163","https://openalex.org/W2236848163","https://openalex.org/W2280299134","https://openalex.org/W2593165828","https://openalex.org/W2909359907","https://openalex.org/W2972257398","https://openalex.org/W2997747558","https://openalex.org/W3014562972","https://openalex.org/W3037754531","https://openalex.org/W3044812225","https://openalex.org/W3085216049","https://openalex.org/W3150219630","https://openalex.org/W3179159099","https://openalex.org/W3193455798","https://openalex.org/W3207297142","https://openalex.org/W4206776122","https://openalex.org/W4214810175","https://openalex.org/W4223560790","https://openalex.org/W4237371814","https://openalex.org/W4281482174","https://openalex.org/W4312159847","https://openalex.org/W4313312172","https://openalex.org/W4377195202","https://openalex.org/W4386803529","https://openalex.org/W4387408296","https://openalex.org/W4389913425","https://openalex.org/W4394828196","https://openalex.org/W4395020441","https://openalex.org/W4395048891","https://openalex.org/W4398263971","https://openalex.org/W4400080227","https://openalex.org/W4400351747","https://openalex.org/W4401387285","https://openalex.org/W6637967152","https://openalex.org/W6873022109"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2394134009","https://openalex.org/W2158788032","https://openalex.org/W1971984615","https://openalex.org/W2046099857","https://openalex.org/W2806679586","https://openalex.org/W4315836311","https://openalex.org/W2217855452","https://openalex.org/W2323656135","https://openalex.org/W2393252924","https://openalex.org/W2787600244"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Interest":[0],"in":[1,12,32,75,178,189,197,218,229],"remote":[2,76,105],"robot-assisted":[3],"image-guided":[4,77],"surgery":[5],"is":[6],"increasing":[7],"to":[8,68,133,201,215,224],"improve":[9],"medical":[10,18],"accessibility":[11],"areas":[13],"where":[14],"physical":[15],"visits":[16],"by":[17],"staff":[19],"are":[20],"challenging.":[21],"However,":[22],"existing":[23],"optical":[24],"tracking":[25,33,71,143,161,208,219],"systems":[26],"(OTS)":[27],"cannot":[28],"accommodate":[29],"intraoperative":[30,216],"changes":[31,217],"range":[34,72],"because":[35],"they":[36],"use":[37],"fixed":[38],"magnification":[39],"lenses":[40,91],"and":[41,56,97,158,181,194,233],"mounts.":[42],"We":[43,184],"develop":[44],"a":[45,50,57,93,98,104,111,128,174,190],"new":[46],"OTS":[47,228],"that":[48,135],"includes":[49],"motorized":[51],"variable":[52,80,146],"zoom":[53,81,90,147],"lens":[54,82,148],"system":[55,83,149,200,212],"two-degree":[58],"of":[59,107,163,176,227,237],"freedom":[60],"(DOF)":[61],"rotation":[62,112,171],"module,":[63],"along":[64],"with":[65],"control":[66,131,187],"algorithms":[67],"adjust":[69,115],"the":[70,116,136,141,155,159,179,186,198,203,207,235],"for":[73],"targets":[74],"surgery.":[78],"The":[79,145,170,210],"automatically":[84],"switches":[85],"among":[86],"three":[87],"preoperatively":[88],"calibrated":[89],"using":[92],"lead-screw-based":[94],"linear":[95],"guide":[96],"photo":[99],"interrupter":[100],"sensor.":[101],"Based":[102],"on":[103],"center":[106],"motion":[108],"(RCM)":[109],"mechanism,":[110],"module":[113,172],"can":[114,213],"OTS\u2019s":[117],"orientation":[118],"while":[119],"keeping":[120],"its":[121],"position":[122],"fixed.":[123],"In":[124],"addition,":[125],"we":[126],"implemented":[127],"reinforcement":[129],"learning-based":[130],"algorithm":[132,188],"ensure":[134],"target":[137,164],"always":[138],"remains":[139],"within":[140,206],"OTS's":[142],"range.":[144,209,220],"showed":[150],"high":[151],"iterative":[152],"precision":[153],"at":[154],"micrometer":[156],"level,":[157],"positional":[160],"error":[162],"was":[165],"less":[166],"than":[167],"0.1":[168],"mm.":[169],"achieved":[173],"resolution":[175],"0.1\u00b0":[177],"yaw":[180],"pitch":[182],"axes.":[183],"trained":[185],"virtual":[191],"simulator":[192],"environment":[193],"deployed":[195],"it":[196],"actual":[199],"keep":[202],"rigid":[204],"body":[205],"proposed":[211],"adapt":[214],"This":[221],"will":[222],"contribute":[223],"increased":[225],"utilization":[226],"various":[230],"surgical":[231],"fields":[232],"enhance":[234],"safety":[236],"surgeries.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
