{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412081654","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3586830","title":"Integrated VLC/RF With Adaptive Power Control for Reliable Cluster-Based VANET Communications","display_name":"Integrated VLC/RF With Adaptive Power Control for Reliable Cluster-Based VANET Communications","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412081654","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3586830"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3586830","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3586830","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3586830","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048235193","display_name":"Ahmed M. El-Eraki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210151980","display_name":"Badr University in Cairo","ror":"https://ror.org/04tbvjc27","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151980"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed M. El-Eraki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8218-9902","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210151980"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067086865","display_name":"Nancy Alshaer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2678-7273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21376657","display_name":"Tanta University","ror":"https://ror.org/016jp5b92","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21376657"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nancy A. Alshaer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of EEC, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2678-7273","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of EEC, Faculty of Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21376657"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102658715","display_name":"Mohamed Fouad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3876-0083"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192398990","display_name":"Zagazig University","ror":"https://ror.org/053g6we49","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120363","display_name":"Higher Institute of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02pyw9g57","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120363"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed M. Fouad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology of Beheira, Beheira, Egypt","Department of EEC, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3876-0083","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Higher Institute for Engineering and Technology of Beheira, Beheira, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120363"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of EEC, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077960936","display_name":"Azhar A. Hamdi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0122-1422"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192398990","display_name":"Zagazig University","ror":"https://ror.org/053g6we49","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azhar A. Hamdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of EEC, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt","Department of EEC, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0122-1422","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of EEC, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of EEC, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192398990"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048808444","display_name":"Tawfik Ismail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0109-5545"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23075662","display_name":"Taibah University","ror":"https://ror.org/01xv1nn60","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tawfik Ismail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Telecommunication Engineering, College of Engineering, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0109-5545","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telecommunication Engineering, College of Engineering, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23075662"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.5352,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.67864697,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"121099","last_page":"121117"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9692999720573425,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-light-communication","display_name":"Visible light communication","score":0.6874343156814575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6716962456703186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-control","display_name":"Power control","score":0.6201207637786865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","score":0.5220813155174255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.5052080750465393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4449404180049896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vehicular-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","score":0.4429969787597656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3979082703590393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.35111308097839355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.34535902738571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","score":0.19516408443450928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.15716096758842468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/light-emitting-diode","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","score":0.10283023118972778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09225454926490784}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160487672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426313","display_name":"Visible light communication","level":3,"score":0.6874343156814575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6716962456703186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56685638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300474","display_name":"Power control","level":3,"score":0.6201207637786865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.5220813155174255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.5052080750465393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4449404180049896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192448918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682677","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","level":4,"score":0.4429969787597656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3979082703590393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.35111308097839355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.34535902738571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.19516408443450928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.15716096758842468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.10283023118972778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09225454926490784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3586830","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3586830","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a69899e1ec694b34aea9110b8ff2bdcd","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a69899e1ec694b34aea9110b8ff2bdcd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 121099-121117 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3586830","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3586830","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W595252221","https://openalex.org/W1987111416","https://openalex.org/W1998279289","https://openalex.org/W2006942656","https://openalex.org/W2111481496","https://openalex.org/W2126751256","https://openalex.org/W2153603893","https://openalex.org/W2263466419","https://openalex.org/W2513995385","https://openalex.org/W2613581374","https://openalex.org/W2618617214","https://openalex.org/W2800126051","https://openalex.org/W2804961103","https://openalex.org/W2982335225","https://openalex.org/W3004075854","https://openalex.org/W3005461063","https://openalex.org/W3007857071","https://openalex.org/W3016027010","https://openalex.org/W3016797107","https://openalex.org/W3036474168","https://openalex.org/W3043420675","https://openalex.org/W3043444185","https://openalex.org/W3045823916","https://openalex.org/W3082414717","https://openalex.org/W3083146160","https://openalex.org/W3096625689","https://openalex.org/W3108927211","https://openalex.org/W3112379500","https://openalex.org/W3134989974","https://openalex.org/W3136090548","https://openalex.org/W3148986858","https://openalex.org/W3172202910","https://openalex.org/W3181874253","https://openalex.org/W3181952697","https://openalex.org/W3182309252","https://openalex.org/W3209240967","https://openalex.org/W4205982787","https://openalex.org/W4206357273","https://openalex.org/W4206400910","https://openalex.org/W4226049689","https://openalex.org/W4226344175","https://openalex.org/W4318764036","https://openalex.org/W4319866450","https://openalex.org/W4321482121","https://openalex.org/W4382789313","https://openalex.org/W4384407942","https://openalex.org/W4386324891","https://openalex.org/W4396792669","https://openalex.org/W4400409703","https://openalex.org/W4405517436","https://openalex.org/W4408279561","https://openalex.org/W6609306296"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2501797479","https://openalex.org/W2997630107","https://openalex.org/W3109516991","https://openalex.org/W1544202060","https://openalex.org/W2291056487","https://openalex.org/W2395898055","https://openalex.org/W2779101090","https://openalex.org/W2289948051","https://openalex.org/W3081944688","https://openalex.org/W3096625689"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"Vehicular":[1],"Ad":[2],"Hoc":[3],"Networks":[4],"(VANETs),":[5],"ensuring":[6],"reliable,":[7],"energy-efficient":[8],"communication":[9,33,112],"under":[10],"varying":[11],"traffic":[12,92],"densities":[13],"remains":[14],"a":[15,106,157],"major":[16],"challenge,":[17],"particularly":[18],"when":[19],"relying":[20],"completely":[21],"on":[22,64,95,108],"conventional":[23],"Radio":[24],"Frequency":[25],"(RF)":[26],"communication.":[27],"This":[28],"study":[29],"presents":[30],"an":[31],"integrated":[32,159],"framework":[34,161],"that":[35,117],"combines":[36],"Visible":[37],"Light":[38],"Communication":[39],"(VLC)":[40],"with":[41,70,105,123],"RF":[42],"to":[43,134,151,166],"improve":[44],"vehicular":[45],"connectivity.":[46],"Motivated":[47],"by":[48,132],"the":[49],"limitations":[50],"of":[51,68,97,139],"fixed-power":[52],"techniques":[53],"in":[54,121],"dynamic":[55],"environments,":[56],"we":[57],"introduce":[58],"two":[59],"power":[60,130],"allocation":[61],"algorithms":[62],"based":[63,94],"Density-Based":[65],"Spatial":[66],"Clustering":[67],"Applications":[69],"Noise":[71],"(DBSCAN):":[72],"one":[73],"using":[74,90],"Fixed":[75],"Power":[76,83],"Allocation":[77,84],"(DFPA)":[78],"and":[79,101,111,136,169],"another":[80],"employing":[81],"Dynamic":[82],"(DDPA).":[85],"Both":[86],"approaches":[87],"are":[88],"evaluated":[89],"realistic":[91],"simulations":[93],"Simulation":[96,114],"Urban":[98],"Mobility":[99],"(SUMO)":[100],"OpenStreetMap":[102],"(OSM)":[103],"data,":[104],"focus":[107],"energy":[109],"efficiency":[110],"coverage.":[113],"results":[115,155],"show":[116],"DDPA":[118],"outperforms":[119],"DFPA":[120,142],"cases":[122],"cluster":[124],"radii":[125],"below":[126],"1159":[127],"m,":[128],"reducing":[129],"consumption":[131],"up":[133,150],"20%":[135],"serving":[137],"90%":[138],"vehicles.":[140],"Conversely,":[141],"proves":[143],"more":[144],"efficient":[145],"at":[146],"larger":[147],"radii,":[148],"saving":[149],"12%":[152],"power.":[153],"These":[154],"establish":[156],"scalable,":[158],"VLC/RF":[160],"for":[162],"next-generation":[163],"VANETs,":[164],"adaptable":[165],"diverse":[167],"density":[168],"coverage":[170],"requirements.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}