{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412081789","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3586246","title":"Integrating Immunotherapy With Targeted Therapy: Evaluating Efficacy in NSCLC Treatment Through Computational Analysis of Gene Regulatory Networks","display_name":"Integrating Immunotherapy With Targeted Therapy: Evaluating Efficacy in NSCLC Treatment Through Computational Analysis of Gene Regulatory Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412081789","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3586246"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3586246","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3586246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3586246","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057808634","display_name":"Pranabesh Bhattacharjee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5630-1916"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pranabesh Bhattacharjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&#x0026;M University, College Station, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5630-1916","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&#x0026;M University, College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053718192","display_name":"Aditya Lahiri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9352-1312"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1335321130","display_name":"Children's Hospital of Philadelphia","ror":"https://ror.org/01z7r7q48","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1335321130"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aditya Lahiri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The Children&#x2019;s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9352-1312","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, The Children&#x2019;s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1335321130"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118845677","display_name":"Tanmay Sindhwani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tanmay Sindhwani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&#x0026;M University, College Station, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&#x0026;M University, College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048860443","display_name":"N. Peter Reeves","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5021-7839"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155539","display_name":"Impaq International (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04kb0nk47","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155539"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norman Peter Reeves","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sumaq Life LLC, Columbus, OH, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5021-7839","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sumaq Life LLC, Columbus, OH, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155539"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045462352","display_name":"Aniruddha Datta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1213-3807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aniruddha Datta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&#x0026;M University, College Station, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1213-3807","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&#x0026;M University, College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.20451242,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"119262","last_page":"119278"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10417","display_name":"Lung Cancer Treatments and Mutations","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10417","display_name":"Lung Cancer Treatments and Mutations","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11287","display_name":"Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11157","display_name":"Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Research","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2716","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunotherapy","display_name":"Immunotherapy","score":0.6376903057098389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-enhancement","display_name":"Genetic enhancement","score":0.4518600404262543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3862847089767456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-biology","display_name":"Computational biology","score":0.3736586570739746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gene","display_name":"Gene","score":0.3552607297897339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immune-system","display_name":"Immune system","score":0.23571863770484924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunology","display_name":"Immunology","score":0.19152221083641052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biology","display_name":"Biology","score":0.16917988657951355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetics","display_name":"Genetics","score":0.11413463950157166}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427096","display_name":"Immunotherapy","level":3,"score":0.6376903057098389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111599444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213901","display_name":"Genetic enhancement","level":3,"score":0.4518600404262543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3862847089767456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.3736586570739746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.3552607297897339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.23571863770484924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.19152221083641052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.16917988657951355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.11413463950157166}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3586246","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3586246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:46c0ca862e0340bcbf73257a1f2a274d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/46c0ca862e0340bcbf73257a1f2a274d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 119262-119278 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3586246","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3586246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6408125998","display_name":"Cancer Therapeutics through Theory and Experiment: From Cell Lines to Canine Tumors Grown on the Back of Mice","funder_award_id":"1917166","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W51995314","https://openalex.org/W950232622","https://openalex.org/W1270845237","https://openalex.org/W1527441981","https://openalex.org/W1600339875","https://openalex.org/W1752668680","https://openalex.org/W1968659767","https://openalex.org/W1969547738","https://openalex.org/W1971224531","https://openalex.org/W1989734503","https://openalex.org/W2015043480","https://openalex.org/W2015495715","https://openalex.org/W2016489352","https://openalex.org/W2018663224","https://openalex.org/W2021876472","https://openalex.org/W2036058623","https://openalex.org/W2056406054","https://openalex.org/W2070727232","https://openalex.org/W2082664617","https://openalex.org/W2108215899","https://openalex.org/W2125149303","https://openalex.org/W2143330591","https://openalex.org/W2146633923","https://openalex.org/W2155898089","https://openalex.org/W2287256905","https://openalex.org/W2517776083","https://openalex.org/W2528861955","https://openalex.org/W2601854298","https://openalex.org/W2615601352","https://openalex.org/W2770828094","https://openalex.org/W2795220365","https://openalex.org/W2888359589","https://openalex.org/W2888885143","https://openalex.org/W2892837103","https://openalex.org/W2894093541","https://openalex.org/W2922229918","https://openalex.org/W2938206352","https://openalex.org/W2944626281","https://openalex.org/W2976248430","https://openalex.org/W2978886033","https://openalex.org/W2987975377","https://openalex.org/W2993380934","https://openalex.org/W2994958138","https://openalex.org/W3000532606","https://openalex.org/W3080916554","https://openalex.org/W3084622183","https://openalex.org/W3096469224","https://openalex.org/W3099931472","https://openalex.org/W3112112590","https://openalex.org/W3116228263","https://openalex.org/W3192493086","https://openalex.org/W3195772640","https://openalex.org/W3198735776","https://openalex.org/W3201219318","https://openalex.org/W4200034683","https://openalex.org/W4200307603","https://openalex.org/W4205501618","https://openalex.org/W4220791525","https://openalex.org/W4281630098","https://openalex.org/W4310039989","https://openalex.org/W4311959699","https://openalex.org/W4323572378","https://openalex.org/W4379534644","https://openalex.org/W4385763968","https://openalex.org/W4385968578","https://openalex.org/W4390946922","https://openalex.org/W4391936783","https://openalex.org/W4396955535","https://openalex.org/W6678348198"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3031052312","https://openalex.org/W4389568370","https://openalex.org/W3032375762","https://openalex.org/W1995515455","https://openalex.org/W2080531066","https://openalex.org/W3108674512","https://openalex.org/W1506200166","https://openalex.org/W1489783725"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Non-Small":[0],"Cell":[1],"Lung":[2],"Cancer":[3],"(NSCLC)":[4],"remains":[5],"a":[6,27,67,94,184],"leading":[7],"cause":[8],"of":[9,44,56,70,118,130,203],"cancer-related":[10,58],"deaths,":[11],"often":[12],"characterized":[13],"by":[14,174],"complex":[15],"mutational":[16],"landscapes":[17],"and":[18,36,62,79,85,168,186,199],"resistance":[19],"to":[20,40,177],"monotherapies.":[21],"To":[22],"address":[23],"this,":[24],"we":[25],"developed":[26],"novel":[28],"Boolean":[29],"network":[30],"(BN)":[31],"model":[32,74],"that":[33,104,127],"integrates":[34],"oncogenic":[35],"immunotherapy":[37,109],"signaling":[38],"pathways":[39,59],"evaluate":[41],"the":[42,54,128,178,201],"efficacy":[43,89],"FDA-approved":[45],"drug":[46,71],"combinations":[47],"in":[48,110,141,197,206],"NSCLC.":[49],"This":[50,181],"computational":[51],"framework":[52],"simulates":[53,80],"behavior":[55],"key":[57],"under":[60],"single":[61],"multiple":[63,144],"mutation":[64],"scenarios,":[65],"offering":[66],"system-level":[68],"understanding":[69],"response.":[72],"Our":[73],"incorporates":[75],"sixteen":[76],"targeted":[77,106,195],"inhibitors":[78,133],"their":[81],"effects":[82,120],"on":[83],"proliferation-promoting":[84],"apoptosis-regulating":[86],"genes.":[87],"Drug":[88],"was":[90],"quantitatively":[91],"assessed":[92],"using":[93],"normalized":[95],"mean":[96],"size":[97],"difference":[98],"(NMSD)":[99],"metric.":[100],"Unlike":[101],"prior":[102],"models":[103],"examine":[105],"therapy":[107],"or":[108],"isolation,":[111],"our":[112],"integrated":[113],"approach":[114],"enables":[115],"systematic":[116],"evaluation":[117],"synergistic":[119],"between":[121],"these":[122],"modalities.":[123],"Key":[124],"results":[125],"show":[126],"inclusion":[129],"immunotherapy\u2014particularly":[131],"PD-L1":[132],"such":[134],"as":[135],"Durvalumab\u2014significantly":[136],"improves":[137],"therapeutic":[138],"outcomes,":[139],"especially":[140],"networks":[142],"with":[143,194],"co-occurring":[145],"mutations.":[146],"The":[147],"most":[148],"effective":[149],"four-drug":[150],"combination":[151],"identified":[152],"(Durvalumab":[153],"+":[154,156,158],"Lumakras":[155],"Ribociclib":[157],"Capivasertib)":[159],"targets":[160],"immune":[161,191],"evasion,":[162],"KRAS":[163],"signaling,":[164],"cell":[165],"cycle":[166],"regulation,":[167],"AKT":[169],"activation,":[170],"reducing":[171],"tumor-promoting":[172],"signals":[173],"89.2%":[175],"compared":[176],"untreated":[179],"state.":[180],"study":[182],"provides":[183],"theoretical":[185],"mechanistic":[187],"basis":[188],"for":[189],"combining":[190],"checkpoint":[192],"blockade":[193],"therapies":[196],"NSCLC":[198],"demonstrates":[200],"utility":[202],"BN":[204],"modeling":[205],"optimizing":[207],"personalized,":[208],"mutation-specific":[209],"treatment":[210],"strategies.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-06T08:24:18.245995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
