{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412081795","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3586240","title":"Thermal Analysis of Outer Rotor BLDC Motor for Drone Considering Airflow Ventilation Cooling","display_name":"Thermal Analysis of Outer Rotor BLDC Motor for Drone Considering Airflow Ventilation Cooling","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412081795","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3586240"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3586240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3586240","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3586240","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074509134","display_name":"Jae-Beom Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6866-3570"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88761825","display_name":"Korea University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/000qzf213","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88761825"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jaebeom Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electric Energy Conversion Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6866-3570","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electric Energy Conversion Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88761825"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88761825"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035442308","display_name":"Ji-Heon Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6523-8752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196471810","display_name":"Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ctacd45","country_code":"KR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196471810"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88761825","display_name":"Korea University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/000qzf213","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88761825"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiheon Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electric Energy Conversion Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Changwon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6523-8752","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electric Energy Conversion Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88761825"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Changwon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196471810"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100609776","display_name":"Hyeong-Jin Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7123-5083"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196471810","display_name":"Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ctacd45","country_code":"KR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196471810"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hyeong-Jin Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Changwon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7123-5083","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Changwon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196471810"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111239865","display_name":"Thanh-Tuan Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4616-1207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88761825","display_name":"Korea University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/000qzf213","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88761825"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thanh-Tuan Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electric Energy Conversion Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4616-1207","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electric Energy Conversion Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88761825"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88761825"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100447440","display_name":"Ji-Young Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0892-3454"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196471810","display_name":"Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ctacd45","country_code":"KR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196471810"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88761825","display_name":"Korea University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/000qzf213","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88761825"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiyoung Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electric Energy Conversion Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Changwon, Republic of Korea","University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0892-3454","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electric Energy Conversion Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88761825"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Changwon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196471810"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88761825"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086033297","display_name":"Yi-Hwa Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147854","display_name":"Shin Poong Pharm (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04v15r068","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147854"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Hwa Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Poongsan Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Poongsan Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147854"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114152510","display_name":"Sung-Joo Yoo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210147854","display_name":"Shin Poong Pharm (South Korea)","ror":"https://ror.org/04v15r068","country_code":"KR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210147854"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sung-Joo Yoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Poongsan Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4061-9072","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Poongsan Corporation, Daejeon, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210147854"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074509134"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88761825"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.2505,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81230287,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"128518","last_page":"128531"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.9273999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.9273999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/airflow","display_name":"Airflow","score":0.7576227784156799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone","display_name":"Drone","score":0.7351099252700806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rotor","display_name":"Rotor (electric)","score":0.6082420945167542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ventilation","display_name":"Ventilation (architecture)","score":0.5100603699684143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.49039530754089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-cooling","display_name":"Air cooling","score":0.4139407277107239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.39583620429039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3255046606063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24066495895385742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.2370874285697937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.23178213834762573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.2235463559627533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12117898464202881}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116067010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4698686","display_name":"Airflow","level":2,"score":0.7576227784156799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.7351099252700806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17281054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193466","display_name":"Rotor (electric)","level":2,"score":0.6082420945167542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200457457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q584049","display_name":"Ventilation (architecture)","level":2,"score":0.5100603699684143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.49039530754089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105873366","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1208873","display_name":"Air cooling","level":2,"score":0.4139407277107239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.39583620429039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3255046606063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24066495895385742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.2370874285697937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.23178213834762573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2235463559627533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12117898464202881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3586240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3586240","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:37d264015e8c485c8fd15f082e6449ff","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/37d264015e8c485c8fd15f082e6449ff","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 128518-128531 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3586240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3586240","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7799999713897705,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2643760649","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"23A01115","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3735065575","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"25A01084","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2117288046","https://openalex.org/W2743488246","https://openalex.org/W2901532424","https://openalex.org/W2935918745","https://openalex.org/W2939705751","https://openalex.org/W2985236267","https://openalex.org/W3004665730","https://openalex.org/W3035981026","https://openalex.org/W3036225689","https://openalex.org/W3180193348","https://openalex.org/W3213439734","https://openalex.org/W4200554140","https://openalex.org/W4225987230","https://openalex.org/W4286371329","https://openalex.org/W4304182910","https://openalex.org/W4386609178","https://openalex.org/W4388251958"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4229448053","https://openalex.org/W4247925126","https://openalex.org/W4327774218","https://openalex.org/W2059768187","https://openalex.org/W4312858960","https://openalex.org/W4386036939","https://openalex.org/W4379143281","https://openalex.org/W2605096541","https://openalex.org/W3200286695"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,278],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,8,19,130,173,284],"refined":[4],"thermal":[5,53,72,132,210,280,292],"analysis":[6,54,73,133,281],"of":[7,163,244,254,294],"semi-closed":[9],"outer":[10],"rotor":[11,175],"BLDC":[12],"motor":[13,63,68,143,259],"designed":[14,37],"for":[15,100,272],"drone":[16,33,176,296],"applications,":[17],"with":[18,89],"focus":[20],"on":[21,44,172,186],"ventilation":[22],"cooling":[23,40],"effects":[24],"induced":[25],"by":[26,262,269],"motor-generated":[27],"airflow.":[28],"To":[29],"reduce":[30],"weight,":[31],"small":[32],"motors":[34,297],"are":[35,149,170,194],"typically":[36],"without":[38],"dedicated":[39],"systems,":[41],"relying":[42],"instead":[43],"airflow":[45,59,180,256],"generated":[46,261],"during":[47],"flight.":[48],"Considering":[49],"these":[50],"operating":[51,225,300],"conditions,":[52],"that":[55,252],"accurately":[56],"reflects":[57],"the":[58,62,67,161,183,187,199,230,240,245,249,255,258,263,270,291],"characteristics":[60,181],"around":[61],"is":[64,140,260],"essential":[65],"in":[66,209],"design":[69,102],"process.":[70],"Existing":[71],"methods":[74,139],"each":[75],"have":[76,121],"limitations.":[77],"Computational":[78],"Fluid":[79],"Dynamics":[80],"(CFD)":[81],"can":[82],"analyze":[83],"flow":[84,125],"and":[85,120,137,153,196,206,219,232,242,275,286],"heat":[86,117,191],"transfer":[87,118,192],"phenomena":[88],"high":[90,94,204],"resolution":[91],"but":[92,113],"involves":[93],"computational":[95,207],"cost,":[96],"making":[97],"it":[98],"impractical":[99],"iterative":[101],"processes.":[103],"Conversely,":[104],"Lumped-Parameter":[105],"Thermal":[106],"Network":[107],"(LPTN)":[108],"models":[109],"offer":[110],"fast":[111],"computation":[112],"require":[114],"pre-defined":[115],"convective":[116,190],"coefficients":[119,193],"difficulty":[122],"capturing":[123],"complex":[124],"conditions.":[126,226,301],"In":[127],"this":[128],"study,":[129],"hybrid":[131],"approach":[134],"combining":[135],"CFD":[136,168,188],"LPTN":[138,200],"proposed.":[141],"First,":[142],"losses":[144],"under":[145,298],"various":[146,224,299],"load":[147,221],"conditions":[148],"calculated":[150],"using":[151],"2D":[152],"3D":[154],"electromagnetic":[155],"Finite":[156],"Element":[157],"Analysis":[158],"(FEA),":[159],"incorporating":[160],"effect":[162],"axial":[164],"leakage":[165],"flux.":[166],"Next,":[167],"simulations":[169],"performed":[171],"coaxial":[174],"system":[177],"to":[178,198,289],"evaluate":[179,290],"near":[182],"motor.":[184],"Based":[185],"results,":[189],"determined":[195],"applied":[197],"model,":[201],"achieving":[202],"both":[203,273],"accuracy":[205,241],"efficiency":[208],"analysis.":[211],"The":[212,227],"proposed":[213,246],"method":[214,288],"was":[215],"validated":[216,287],"through":[217],"prototyping":[218],"propeller":[220],"tests":[222],"simulating":[223],"comparison":[228],"between":[229],"measured":[231],"analyzed":[233],"winding":[234],"temperatures":[235],"showed":[236],"good":[237],"agreement,":[238],"confirming":[239],"reliability":[243],"approach.":[247],"Notably,":[248],"results":[250],"confirmed":[251],"most":[253],"entering":[257],"motor\u2019s":[264],"own":[265],"rotation":[266],"rather":[267],"than":[268],"propeller,":[271],"single-rotor":[274],"coaxial-rotor":[276],"configurations.":[277],"CFD\u2013LPTN-based":[279],"framework":[282],"provides":[283],"practical":[285],"performance":[293],"air-cooled":[295]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
