{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411866969","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3584731","title":"Cross-Domain Fake Review Detection via Orthogonal Counterfactual Representations","display_name":"Cross-Domain Fake Review Detection via Orthogonal Counterfactual Representations","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411866969","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3584731"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3584731","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3584731","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3584731","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109255625","display_name":"Richa Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6094-4108"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110166357","display_name":"University of Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzb2213","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110166357"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richa Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Keshav Mahavidyalaya, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6094-4108","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Keshav Mahavidyalaya, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110166357"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012674946","display_name":"Vinita Jindal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0481-4840"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110166357","display_name":"University of Delhi","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzb2213","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110166357"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vinita Jindal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Keshav Mahavidyalaya, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0481-4840","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Keshav Mahavidyalaya, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110166357"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040368097","display_name":"Indu Kashyap","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1884-0828"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55016150","display_name":"Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/02kf4r633","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405253735","https://openalex.org/I55016150"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Indu Kashyap","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering and Technology, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1884-0828","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering and Technology, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55016150"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":14.1536,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98600174,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"119004","last_page":"119022"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterfactual-thinking","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","score":0.7060675621032715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6550670862197876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.5116351246833801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.36406344175338745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14334946870803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.14134204387664795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.11023718118667603}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108650721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783253","display_name":"Counterfactual thinking","level":2,"score":0.7060675621032715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6550670862197876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.5116351246833801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36406344175338745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14334946870803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.14134204387664795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.11023718118667603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3584731","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3584731","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:93d95359ff60453faf048c3d4d8d1769","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/93d95359ff60453faf048c3d4d8d1769","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 119004-119022 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3584731","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3584731","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1594039573","https://openalex.org/W2006969979","https://openalex.org/W2057069782","https://openalex.org/W2059733647","https://openalex.org/W2064058256","https://openalex.org/W2074231493","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2251645975","https://openalex.org/W2569238137","https://openalex.org/W2779217680","https://openalex.org/W2933688539","https://openalex.org/W3019599034","https://openalex.org/W3047672989","https://openalex.org/W3106109117","https://openalex.org/W3110027904","https://openalex.org/W3132950125","https://openalex.org/W3199704160","https://openalex.org/W4225783786","https://openalex.org/W4312871752","https://openalex.org/W4313018088","https://openalex.org/W4319988653","https://openalex.org/W4327814177","https://openalex.org/W4375869319","https://openalex.org/W4378364046","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4385570565","https://openalex.org/W4385571978","https://openalex.org/W4385574162","https://openalex.org/W4387190918","https://openalex.org/W4397014244","https://openalex.org/W4399022529","https://openalex.org/W4404602421","https://openalex.org/W4407128422","https://openalex.org/W4407254390","https://openalex.org/W4409365512","https://openalex.org/W4411630267","https://openalex.org/W6637404856","https://openalex.org/W6652311901","https://openalex.org/W6682962330","https://openalex.org/W6791353385","https://openalex.org/W7048367968"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W3201448254","https://openalex.org/W4286970243","https://openalex.org/W2066431708","https://openalex.org/W4384133558","https://openalex.org/W3025615835","https://openalex.org/W173210993","https://openalex.org/W2390660599"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"popularity":[1],"of":[2,16,93,109,156],"online":[3,218],"review-based":[4],"purchases":[5],"has":[6,102],"led":[7],"many":[8],"businesses":[9],"to":[10,38,60,71,121],"generate":[11],"fake":[12,44,54,99],"reviews.":[13],"Manual":[14],"detection":[15,56,73,101],"these":[17,62],"fakes":[18],"is":[19,49,113],"a":[20,39,50,80,143,147,184],"challenging":[21],"task.":[22],"Moreover,":[23],"existing":[24],"research":[25],"focuses":[26],"primarily":[27],"on":[28,86,153,202],"single":[29],"domain.":[30],"Further,":[31],"labelled":[32],"datasets":[33,155],"are":[34,151],"limited":[35],"and":[36,137,140,163,192,200,220,226,230],"restricted":[37],"few":[40],"domains.":[41,77],"Hence,":[42],"detecting":[43],"reviews":[45],"in":[46,74,105,115,146,167,187,210,232],"less-explored":[47],"domains":[48,70],"significant":[51,185],"challenge.":[52],"Cross-domain":[53],"review":[55,100],"can":[57],"be":[58],"used":[59],"handle":[61],"challenges":[63],"by":[64,89,131,190,198],"using":[65,128,142],"the":[66,90,106,110,174,203],"knowledge":[67],"from":[68],"labeled":[69],"improve":[72],"less":[75],"explored":[76],"For":[78],"this,":[79],"novel":[81],"framework,":[82],"COAT,":[83],"that":[84,173,214],"trains":[85],"Counterfactuals":[87],"generated":[88],"Orthogonal":[91],"Alignment":[92],"BERT-driven":[94],"mask":[95],"infillings":[96],"for":[97],"cross-domain":[98],"been":[103],"proposed":[104,111,175],"paper.":[107],"Working":[108],"COAT":[112,176,215],"divided":[114,166],"three":[116],"phases:":[117],"(1)":[118],"two-step":[119],"masking":[120],"remove":[122],"source-specific":[123],"cues,":[124],"(2)":[125],"counterfactual":[126],"generation":[127],"BERT,":[129],"followed":[130],"orthogonal":[132],"alignment":[133],"via":[134],"Procrustes":[135],"algorithm,":[136],"(3)":[138],"training":[139],"prediction":[141],"Bi-LSTM":[144],"classifier":[145],"zero-shot":[148],"setting.":[149],"Experiments":[150],"conducted":[152],"benchmark":[154],"Online":[157],"Products,":[158],"Hotels,":[159],"Yelp":[160],"Restaurants,":[161],"Doctors":[162],"Restaurant":[164],"reviews,":[165],"two":[168,204],"groups.":[169],"Obtained":[170],"results":[171],"show":[172],"framework":[177],"exhibits":[178],"an":[179],"enhanced":[180],"domain":[181],"transfer":[182],"with":[183,222],"improvement":[186],"average":[188],"accuracy":[189],"17.31%":[191],"26.18%,":[193],"as":[194,196],"well":[195],"F1-score":[197],"19.05%":[199],"51.16%":[201],"groups,":[205],"respectively,":[206],"over":[207],"its":[208],"counterparts":[209],"consideration.":[211],"This":[212],"shows":[213],"empowers":[216],"businesses,":[217],"platforms,":[219],"consumers":[221],"more":[223],"reliable":[224],"insights":[225],"fosters":[227],"informed":[228],"decision-making":[229],"trust":[231],"e-commerce":[233],"platforms.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}