{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411688101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3583688","title":"FR-CapsNet: Enhancing Low-Resolution Image Classification via Frequency Routed Capsules","display_name":"FR-CapsNet: Enhancing Low-Resolution Image Classification via Frequency Routed Capsules","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411688101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3583688"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3583688","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3583688","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3583688","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033251460","display_name":"Hasindu Dewasurendra","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163753206","display_name":"Chungbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnxgj78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hasindu Dewasurendra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Chungju, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Chungju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091809414","display_name":"Kunmin Yeo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kunmin Yeo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mobility Navigation Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea","Mobility navigation research laboratory at Electronics and Telecommunication Research Institute (ETRI), 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mobility Navigation Research Laboratory, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mobility navigation research laboratory at Electronics and Telecommunication Research Institute (ETRI), 218 Gajeong-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006789014","display_name":"Nhan Thi Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7157-3688"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nhan Thi Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Systems, University of Information Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","University of Information Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Systems, University of Information Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Information Technology, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102747977","display_name":"Taejoon Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6326-2559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I163753206","display_name":"Chungbuk National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wnxgj78","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taejoon Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Chungju, South Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Chungbuk National University, Chungju, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033251460"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I163753206"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.23040919,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"113076","last_page":"113088"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.9351999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.9351999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6166567802429199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5639204978942871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5482929944992065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-resolution","display_name":"Image resolution","score":0.5011649131774902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4676145315170288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resolution","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","score":0.46349453926086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.35815683007240295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6166567802429199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5639204978942871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5482929944992065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205372480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210521","display_name":"Image resolution","level":2,"score":0.5011649131774902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4676145315170288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138268822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1051925","display_name":"Resolution (logic)","level":2,"score":0.46349453926086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.35815683007240295}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3583688","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3583688","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:454098987eb2451aa3f679d9a5bcc441","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/454098987eb2451aa3f679d9a5bcc441","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 113076-113088 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3583688","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3583688","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6788670754","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22-SN-EC-16","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329473","funder_display_name":"Institute of Civil-Military Technology Cooperation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8882622186","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RS-2023-00244014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329473","display_name":"Institute of Civil-Military Technology Cooperation","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2966661","https://openalex.org/W1565147430","https://openalex.org/W2001610032","https://openalex.org/W2054515210","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2802189604","https://openalex.org/W2909678128","https://openalex.org/W2963542245","https://openalex.org/W2965481041","https://openalex.org/W2982147654","https://openalex.org/W2982243647","https://openalex.org/W2995504922","https://openalex.org/W2996178174","https://openalex.org/W3022951770","https://openalex.org/W3034302278","https://openalex.org/W3035294798","https://openalex.org/W3148230007","https://openalex.org/W3159481202","https://openalex.org/W3169060787","https://openalex.org/W3170227177","https://openalex.org/W3191609922","https://openalex.org/W3193940683","https://openalex.org/W3217175436","https://openalex.org/W4214812657","https://openalex.org/W4220707348","https://openalex.org/W4224325123","https://openalex.org/W4283399757","https://openalex.org/W4312385544","https://openalex.org/W4319866034","https://openalex.org/W4327652243","https://openalex.org/W4380550523","https://openalex.org/W4382241500","https://openalex.org/W4388328333","https://openalex.org/W4388907047","https://openalex.org/W4390707165","https://openalex.org/W4392305961","https://openalex.org/W4392563854","https://openalex.org/W4393371829","https://openalex.org/W4400261704","https://openalex.org/W4401557382","https://openalex.org/W4402915242","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6640425456","https://openalex.org/W6743446608","https://openalex.org/W6748053814","https://openalex.org/W6750618652","https://openalex.org/W6752772801","https://openalex.org/W6762718338","https://openalex.org/W6767084090","https://openalex.org/W6787972765","https://openalex.org/W6788135285","https://openalex.org/W6795140394","https://openalex.org/W6795146805","https://openalex.org/W6797578546","https://openalex.org/W6811014117"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2362774332","https://openalex.org/W4249245269","https://openalex.org/W2765548132","https://openalex.org/W2025681766","https://openalex.org/W2542402767","https://openalex.org/W3023086044","https://openalex.org/W2294441925","https://openalex.org/W2142226356","https://openalex.org/W2056165575","https://openalex.org/W3210000161"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Very":[0],"low-resolution":[1],"(VLR)":[2],"images":[3,68],"present":[4],"a":[5,52,111],"significant":[6],"challenge":[7],"for":[8,208],"deep":[9],"classification":[10,152],"networks":[11,23,137],"due":[12],"to":[13,33,39,58,104,122,125,202],"their":[14],"inherent":[15],"lack":[16],"of":[17,199],"fine":[18,70],"spatial":[19,27,62,99],"detail.":[20],"While":[21],"capsule":[22,84],"(CapsNets),":[24],"which":[25],"encode":[26],"and":[28,41,86,93,127,142,150,178,187,197],"pose":[29,87],"information,":[30],"are":[31,211],"robust":[32],"resolution":[34,105],"changes,":[35],"they":[36,73],"often":[37],"struggle":[38],"perform":[40],"scale":[42,123],"effectively":[43,124],"on":[44,155,174],"complex":[45],"datasets.":[46,130],"In":[47],"this":[48],"study,":[49],"we":[50],"introduce":[51],"novel":[53],"frequency":[54,91],"routing-based":[55],"CapsNet":[56],"(FR-CapsNet)":[57],"replace":[59],"the":[60,79,90,98,156,162,175,183,194],"conventional":[61],"routing":[63,113],"in":[64,89,97,146],"CapsNets.":[65],"Though":[66],"VLR":[67,148,157,176],"lose":[69],"grained":[71],"features,":[72],"retain":[74],"high-level":[75],"features":[76],"captured":[77],"by":[78,165,185],"low-frequency":[80],"components.":[81],"By":[82],"computing":[83],"activation":[85],"information":[88],"domain":[92],"subsequently":[94],"encoding":[95],"them":[96],"domain,":[100],"FR-CapsNet":[101,121,131,160,200],"improves":[102],"robustness":[103,198],"degradation.":[106],"Furthermore,":[107],"our":[108,209],"method":[109],"utilizes":[110],"global":[112],"framework":[114],"that":[115],"considerably":[116],"reduces":[117],"computational":[118],"demands,":[119],"enabling":[120],"larger":[126],"more":[128],"diverse":[129],"outperforms":[132],"state-of-the-art":[133],"(SOTA)":[134],"convolutional":[135],"neural":[136],"(CNNs),":[138],"other":[139,143,203],"CapsNets,":[140],"Transformers,":[141],"advanced":[144],"architectures":[145],"real-world":[147],"digit":[149],"image":[151],"tasks.":[153],"Specifically,":[154],"CIFAR-10":[158],"dataset,":[159],"surpasses":[161],"current":[163],"benchmark":[164,184],"4.77%":[166],"while":[167],"using":[168],"4":[169],"times":[170],"fewer":[171],"parameters.":[172],"Similarly,":[173],"SVHN":[177],"CIFAR-100":[179],"datasets,":[180],"it":[181],"exceeds":[182],"0.27%":[186],"1.55%,":[188],"respectively.":[189],"Extensive":[190],"experiments":[191],"further":[192],"demonstrate":[193],"superior":[195],"generalization":[196],"compared":[201],"SOTA":[204],"methods.":[205],"The":[206],"codes":[207],"models":[210],"available":[212],"at":[213],"XX.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
