{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411687826","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3583581","title":"Topological Data Analysis and Wavelet- Unsupervised Machine Learning Approaches to Identifying the Flooding and Non-Flooding Zones","display_name":"Topological Data Analysis and Wavelet- Unsupervised Machine Learning Approaches to Identifying the Flooding and Non-Flooding Zones","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411687826","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3583581"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3583581","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3583581","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3583581","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117551342","display_name":"Md Mehedi Hasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4373-7684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I315729180","display_name":"Noakhali Science and Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/05q9we431","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I315729180"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Raqibul Hasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Mathematics, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I315729180"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041538961","display_name":"Md. Jamal Hossain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3093-0033"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I315729180","display_name":"Noakhali Science and Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/05q9we431","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I315729180"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Jamal Hossain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Mathematics, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3093-0033","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I315729180"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005192076","display_name":"Md. Waliullah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I315729180","display_name":"Noakhali Science and Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/05q9we431","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I315729180"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Waliullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Mathematics, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I315729180"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080250920","display_name":"Abdul Hannan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5283-2728"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I315729180","display_name":"Noakhali Science and Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/05q9we431","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I315729180"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdul Hannan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Mathematics, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I315729180"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024973408","display_name":"Md. Mijanoor Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8344-5432"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41173762","display_name":"Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00gvj4587","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41173762"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md. Mijanoor Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["2Department of Mathematics, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail, Bangladesh","Department of Mathematics, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail, Bangladesh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8344-5432","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"2Department of Mathematics, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41173762"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Santosh, Tangail, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41173762"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.0494,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80212982,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"111710","last_page":"111721"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12536","display_name":"Topological and Geometric Data Analysis","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12536","display_name":"Topological and Geometric Data Analysis","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flooding","display_name":"Flooding (psychology)","score":0.8422626256942749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6460928320884705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wavelet","display_name":"Wavelet","score":0.5423406958580017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topological-data-analysis","display_name":"Topological data analysis","score":0.5057616233825684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49874067306518555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.47380393743515015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3826439380645752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3796355128288269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3558017909526825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3494035303592682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1744656264781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16281476616859436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.06306126713752747}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186594467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1429176","display_name":"Flooding (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.8422626256942749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6460928320884705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.5423406958580017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776477805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4460773","display_name":"Topological data analysis","level":2,"score":0.5057616233825684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49874067306518555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.47380393743515015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3826439380645752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3796355128288269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3558017909526825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3494035303592682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1744656264781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16281476616859436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.06306126713752747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3583581","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3583581","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:64b8aa5706e14aa1a3a40b0b96c14700","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/64b8aa5706e14aa1a3a40b0b96c14700","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 111710-111721 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3583581","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3583581","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.75,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1516383628","https://openalex.org/W1978527081","https://openalex.org/W1991566301","https://openalex.org/W2011430131","https://openalex.org/W2029149685","https://openalex.org/W2033788883","https://openalex.org/W2036328877","https://openalex.org/W2058535247","https://openalex.org/W2072079576","https://openalex.org/W2083581911","https://openalex.org/W2087469502","https://openalex.org/W2089305227","https://openalex.org/W2101044141","https://openalex.org/W2333133825","https://openalex.org/W2566765231","https://openalex.org/W2799555932","https://openalex.org/W2889338709","https://openalex.org/W2899023746","https://openalex.org/W2996824246","https://openalex.org/W3010829258","https://openalex.org/W3011967484","https://openalex.org/W3015288810","https://openalex.org/W3044320885","https://openalex.org/W3113662382","https://openalex.org/W3126478920","https://openalex.org/W3129995895","https://openalex.org/W3130622741","https://openalex.org/W3169157623","https://openalex.org/W3172613107","https://openalex.org/W3175207647","https://openalex.org/W3200723300","https://openalex.org/W3202868818","https://openalex.org/W3213958333","https://openalex.org/W4200632538","https://openalex.org/W4210245885","https://openalex.org/W4210466818","https://openalex.org/W4214882912","https://openalex.org/W4226182805","https://openalex.org/W4283593236","https://openalex.org/W4285065952","https://openalex.org/W4318953177","https://openalex.org/W4324393936","https://openalex.org/W4360988483","https://openalex.org/W4379384984","https://openalex.org/W4381682576","https://openalex.org/W4381848200","https://openalex.org/W4382136985","https://openalex.org/W4385319866","https://openalex.org/W4385549005","https://openalex.org/W4385638506","https://openalex.org/W4386248480","https://openalex.org/W4388188416","https://openalex.org/W4390431320","https://openalex.org/W4402430759","https://openalex.org/W6787718506","https://openalex.org/W6889977127"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3036427183","https://openalex.org/W3119689987","https://openalex.org/W2886923060","https://openalex.org/W2382174632","https://openalex.org/W2129959498","https://openalex.org/W2784060934","https://openalex.org/W2039543756","https://openalex.org/W2902714807","https://openalex.org/W2537489131","https://openalex.org/W2046633342"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Every":[0],"year,":[1],"millions":[2],"of":[3,14,46,67,71,115,191],"individuals":[4],"are":[5],"affected":[6,200],"by":[7,179],"flooding":[8,47],"in":[9,12,76,110,125,198],"Bangladesh":[10,68],"resulting":[11],"loss":[13],"habitat,":[15],"properties,":[16],"and":[17,49,81,135,144,155],"lives.":[18],"Because":[19],"the":[20,44,63,90,99,116,122,159,199,215],"country":[21],"experiences":[22],"monsoon":[23],"rains,":[24],"flat":[25],"lands,":[26],"cyclones":[27],"as":[28,30,62,177],"well":[29],"glacier":[31],"melt,":[32],"it":[33,194],"is":[34,188],"highly":[35,142],"prone":[36],"to":[37,42,88,202,205],"flooding.":[38],"This":[39],"work":[40,140],"aimed":[41],"lessen":[43],"impact":[45],"disasters":[48],"develop":[50],"effective":[51],"strategies":[52],"for":[53,92,168],"early":[54],"warning":[55],"systems.":[56],"The":[57,162],"intertwined":[58],"weather":[59],"patterns":[60],"known":[61],"atmospheric":[64],"river":[65],"(AR)":[66],"make":[69],"use":[70],"topological":[72],"data":[73],"analysis":[74],"(TDA)":[75],"connection":[77],"with":[78,158],"wavelet":[79],"decomposition":[80],"unsupervised":[82],"machine":[83],"learning":[84],"(k-means":[85],"clustering)":[86],"methods":[87],"pave":[89],"way":[91],"enhanced":[93],"flood":[94,192],"detection.":[95],"We":[96],"have":[97],"pinpointed":[98],"most":[100],"desired":[101],"cluster":[102],"group,":[103],"which":[104],"stands":[105],"at":[106,127,130,133,137,146],"k":[107],"=":[108],"4":[109],"our":[111],"argument.":[112],"In":[113],"terms":[114],"silhouette":[117,180],"coefficient,":[118],"this":[119,208],"group":[120],"had":[121],"highest":[123],"values":[124],"Rangpur":[126],"0.9016,":[128],"Sylhet":[129],"0.9028,":[131],"Barisal":[132],"0.9094,":[134],"Khulna":[136],"0.9014.":[138],"Our":[139],"was":[141],"efficient":[143],"ranked":[145],"approximately":[147],"96%":[148],"using":[149],"SVMs.":[150],"Later,":[151],"we":[152],"identified":[153,167],"flooded":[154],"non-flooded":[156],"regions":[157,171,201],"same":[160],"technique.":[161],"potential":[163],"flood-prone":[164],"periods":[165],"were":[166],"all":[169],"four":[170],"based":[172],"on":[173],"optimal":[174],"clustering":[175],"results,":[176],"indicated":[178],"coefficient":[181],"values.":[182],"At":[183],"any":[184],"time":[185],"when":[186],"there":[187],"a":[189],"possibility":[190],"occurrence,":[193],"can":[195],"alert":[196],"residents":[197],"move":[203],"out":[204],"safer":[206],"grounds;":[207],"could":[209],"also":[210],"stimulate":[211],"appropriate":[212],"actions":[213],"from":[214],"risk":[216],"managers.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T17:40:00.097472","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}