{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411688026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3583336","title":"Deep Reinforcement Learning for MU-MIMO Beamforming Training in mmWave WLAN","display_name":"Deep Reinforcement Learning for MU-MIMO Beamforming Training in mmWave WLAN","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411688026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3583336"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3583336","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3583336","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3583336","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118648607","display_name":"Buseong Jo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28777354","display_name":"Sejong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00aft1q37","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Buseong Jo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068726715","display_name":"Mun-Suk Kim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4145-8918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28777354","display_name":"Sejong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00aft1q37","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mun-Suk Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4145-8918","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101964277","display_name":"SuKyoung Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3497-3295"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193775966","display_name":"Yonsei University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wjejq96","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sukyoung Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3497-3295","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193775966"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.8609,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70670134,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"110791","last_page":"110801"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7204099297523499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6968944668769836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6758122444152832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6369229555130005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","score":0.41361522674560547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-lan","display_name":"Wireless lan","score":0.4135285019874573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3861857056617737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3836841583251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.31948310136795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21375423669815063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07182464003562927}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7204099297523499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6968944668769836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6758122444152832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6369229555130005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.41361522674560547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2985434377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212607","display_name":"Wireless lan","level":3,"score":0.4135285019874573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3861857056617737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3836841583251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.31948310136795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21375423669815063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07182464003562927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3583336","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3583336","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:6c6c77c7883c4d1d84931d386c305cab","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/6c6c77c7883c4d1d84931d386c305cab","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 110791-110801 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3583336","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3583336","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G13131425","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2025-RS-2023-00254529","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G191610527","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2022R1G1A1012117","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2302831760","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF-2022R1G1A1012117","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5841234549","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IITP-2025-RS-2021-II211816","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322120","display_name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/013aysd81"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328359","display_name":"Ministry of Science and ICT, South Korea","ror":"https://ror.org/01wpjm123"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2766305950","https://openalex.org/W2789268877","https://openalex.org/W2886734605","https://openalex.org/W2889969682","https://openalex.org/W2898443369","https://openalex.org/W2900306548","https://openalex.org/W2905258433","https://openalex.org/W2980371807","https://openalex.org/W2981285982","https://openalex.org/W2989714518","https://openalex.org/W3019936847","https://openalex.org/W3038455412","https://openalex.org/W3098310981","https://openalex.org/W3118245008","https://openalex.org/W3120947797","https://openalex.org/W3131199897","https://openalex.org/W3177021185","https://openalex.org/W4224436763","https://openalex.org/W4280581213","https://openalex.org/W4285309759","https://openalex.org/W4313886707","https://openalex.org/W4319459186","https://openalex.org/W4320712813","https://openalex.org/W4365131937","https://openalex.org/W4386260540","https://openalex.org/W4386634510","https://openalex.org/W4392207831","https://openalex.org/W4395096936","https://openalex.org/W4399485304","https://openalex.org/W4400077136"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963170046","https://openalex.org/W230091440","https://openalex.org/W2376244802","https://openalex.org/W1971477554","https://openalex.org/W4306904969","https://openalex.org/W2158075901","https://openalex.org/W2233261550","https://openalex.org/W818226659","https://openalex.org/W2923631784","https://openalex.org/W2810751659"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,67],"IEEE":[1],"802.11ay":[2],"wireless":[3],"local":[4],"area":[5],"network":[6],"(WLAN),":[7],"a":[8,35,76],"single":[9],"access":[10],"point":[11],"(AP)":[12],"performs":[13],"multi-user":[14],"multiple-input-multiple-output":[15],"(MU-MIMO)":[16],"beamforming":[17],"training":[18],"(BFT)":[19],"to":[20,41,81,145],"enable":[21],"simultaneous":[22],"directional":[23],"communications":[24],"with":[25],"multiple":[26,42],"stations":[27],"(STAs).":[28],"During":[29],"MU-MIMO":[30,48,99,119,142],"BFT,":[31],"the":[32,45,53,61,84,91,95,103,111,117,151,157,160],"AP":[33,54],"transmits":[34],"significant":[36],"number":[37],"of":[38,47,63,86,94,106,113,136,141,162],"action":[39,65,114,163],"frames":[40,115],"STAs,":[43],"and":[44,90,138],"performance":[46,123,133],"BFT":[49,92,100,120,143],"depends":[50],"on":[51],"how":[52],"configures":[55],"its":[56],"transmit":[57,87,107],"antenna":[58,88,108],"arrays":[59,89,109],"for":[60,110],"transmission":[62,112,161],"these":[64],"frames.":[66,164],"this":[68],"paper,":[69],"we":[70],"develop":[71],"an":[72],"algorithm":[73],"that":[74,148],"utilizes":[75],"deep":[77,127],"reinforcement":[78,128],"learning":[79,129],"model":[80],"learn":[82],"from":[83],"configuration":[85,105],"feedback":[93],"STAs":[96,158],"in":[97,116,134],"previous":[98],"processes,":[101],"enabling":[102],"accurate":[104],"current":[118],"process.":[121],"Through":[122],"evaluation,":[124],"our":[125],"proposed":[126],"scheme":[130],"demonstrated":[131],"improved":[132],"terms":[135],"latency":[137],"failure":[139],"probability":[140],"compared":[144],"existing":[146],"studies":[147],"require":[149],"estimating":[150],"signal-to-noise":[152],"ratios":[153],"(SNRs)":[154],"measured":[155],"at":[156],"during":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
