{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411688023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3583279","title":"A 249-GHz Impedance-Tunable Waveguide Transition Using a Microactuator and Flexible Conductive Membrane","display_name":"A 249-GHz Impedance-Tunable Waveguide Transition Using a Microactuator and Flexible Conductive Membrane","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411688023","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3583279"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3583279","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3583279","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3583279","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039361460","display_name":"Chao Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8109-2020"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114531698","display_name":"Tokyo Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0112mx960","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Integrated Research, Institute of Science Tokyo, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan","Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8109-2020","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Integrated Research, Institute of Science Tokyo, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114531698"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100600365","display_name":"Sangyeop Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0266-9982"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sangyeop Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Integrated Research, Institute of Science Tokyo, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0266-9982","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Integrated Research, Institute of Science Tokyo, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084760540","display_name":"Takeshi Yoshida","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3550-0112"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113306721","display_name":"Hiroshima University","ror":"https://ror.org/03t78wx29","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113306721"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takeshi Yoshida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3550-0112","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113306721"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028848278","display_name":"Tadahiko Shinshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9090-3160"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tadahiko Shinshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Integrated Research, Institute of Science Tokyo, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9090-3160","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Integrated Research, Institute of Science Tokyo, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11170013,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"111163","last_page":"111174"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10369","display_name":"Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9782000184059143,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microactuator","display_name":"Microactuator","score":0.8302605152130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.6903256773948669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-impedance","display_name":"Electrical impedance","score":0.6848995089530945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-conductor","display_name":"Electrical conductor","score":0.6604017019271851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.5669312477111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveguide","display_name":"Waveguide","score":0.47816306352615356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/membrane","display_name":"Membrane","score":0.4551941156387329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2625088095664978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/composite-material","display_name":"Composite material","score":0.145821213722229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13415810465812683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuator","display_name":"Actuator","score":0.11687928438186646}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58373989","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6839208","display_name":"Microactuator","level":3,"score":0.8302605152130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6903256773948669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17829176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179043","display_name":"Electrical impedance","level":2,"score":0.6848995089530945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202374169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124291","display_name":"Electrical conductor","level":2,"score":0.6604017019271851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.5669312477111816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200687136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11233438","display_name":"Waveguide","level":2,"score":0.47816306352615356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41625074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088","display_name":"Membrane","level":2,"score":0.4551941156387329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2625088095664978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.145821213722229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13415810465812683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172707124","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423488","display_name":"Actuator","level":2,"score":0.11687928438186646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3583279","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3583279","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ecba8ceba94b46978dd8d24feaa52ce2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ecba8ceba94b46978dd8d24feaa52ce2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 111163-111174 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3583279","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3583279","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6861884143","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPJ012368C07401)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335839","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8949478541","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JPJ012368C07401","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335839","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335839","display_name":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016bgq349"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965992764","https://openalex.org/W2008982470","https://openalex.org/W2021569465","https://openalex.org/W2042399123","https://openalex.org/W2096584998","https://openalex.org/W2100879426","https://openalex.org/W2198761129","https://openalex.org/W2264228862","https://openalex.org/W2564367650","https://openalex.org/W2792684380","https://openalex.org/W2800063766","https://openalex.org/W2806078149","https://openalex.org/W2811217988","https://openalex.org/W2918826880","https://openalex.org/W2980769293","https://openalex.org/W3043281468","https://openalex.org/W3124233235","https://openalex.org/W3141340038","https://openalex.org/W3212677559","https://openalex.org/W4226227697","https://openalex.org/W4285211460","https://openalex.org/W4285818076","https://openalex.org/W4313008664","https://openalex.org/W4313644327","https://openalex.org/W4391991439","https://openalex.org/W4391996873","https://openalex.org/W4392024812","https://openalex.org/W4393863197","https://openalex.org/W4399286632","https://openalex.org/W4400275304","https://openalex.org/W4406126870","https://openalex.org/W6777514010"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2511326268","https://openalex.org/W53357082","https://openalex.org/W1554317004","https://openalex.org/W2004080102","https://openalex.org/W2157368250","https://openalex.org/W2359306353","https://openalex.org/W2744559966","https://openalex.org/W2361277176","https://openalex.org/W1995089030","https://openalex.org/W4297822223"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aterahertz":[0],"band":[1],"(e.g.,":[2],"150":[3],"GHz/300":[4],"GHz),":[5],"with":[6,144],"its":[7],"broad":[8],"bandwidth":[9,174],"and":[10,15,25,35,72,112,135,147,155,172],"potential":[11],"for":[12,21],"improved":[13],"angular":[14],"distance":[16],"resolution,":[17],"is":[18,94],"attracting":[19],"attention":[20],"Beyond":[22],"5G/6G":[23],"communication":[24],"sensing":[26],"applications":[27],"(radar,":[28],"imager,":[29],"etc.).":[30],"However,":[31],"as":[32],"frequencies":[33],"increase":[34],"wavelengths":[36],"shorten,":[37],"mechanical":[38,63],"tolerances":[39,64],"during":[40],"integration":[41],"can":[42],"significantly":[43],"impact":[44],"performance":[45,59],"(reflection,":[46],"transmission,":[47],"etc.),":[48],"necessitating":[49],"effective":[50],"compensation":[51],"mechanisms.":[52],"In":[53],"this":[54,158],"paper,":[55],"we":[56],"verify":[57],"the":[58,79,98,101,104,121,140,148,161,164,169],"variations":[60],"caused":[61],"by":[62,78,106],"in":[65,103],"transmission-line-to-waveguide":[66],"transitions,":[67],"which":[68,96],"integrate":[69],"chips,":[70],"substrates,":[71],"waveguides":[73],"to":[74,167],"transmit":[75],"signals":[76,83],"generated":[77],"chip":[80],"or":[81],"receive":[82],"from":[84],"external":[85],"sources.":[86],"To":[87],"overcome":[88],"these":[89],"challenges,":[90],"a":[91,108,113,132,136,177],"tunable-membrane":[92],"microactuator":[93,114],"proposed,":[95],"adjusts":[97],"position":[99],"of":[100,120,163,176],"back-short":[102],"transition":[105,130],"using":[107],"flexible":[109],"conductive":[110],"membrane":[111,150],"(dimension:":[115],"\u03d510mm\u00d716":[116],"mm,":[117],"maximum":[118],"stroke":[119],"membrane:":[122],"707.7":[123],"\u03bcm,":[124],"accuracy<1":[125],"\u03bcm).":[126],"The":[127],"proposed":[128,165],"waveguide":[129,145,179],"comprises":[131],"transmission":[133],"line":[134],"probe":[137],"integrated":[138],"on":[139,153],"multi-layer":[141],"substrate,":[142],"along":[143],"flanges":[146],"tunable":[149],"microactuator.":[151],"Based":[152],"simulation":[154],"measurement":[156],"results,":[157],"paper":[159],"demonstrates":[160],"capability":[162],"technology":[166],"tune":[168],"reflection/transmission":[170],"losses":[171],"frequency":[173],"characteristics":[175],"249-GHz":[178],"transition.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}