{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411599735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3581968","title":"YOLO-DKM: A Flame and Spark Detection Algorithm Based on Deep Learning","display_name":"YOLO-DKM: A Flame and Spark Detection Algorithm Based on Deep Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411599735","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3581968"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3581968","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3581968","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3581968","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Linpo Shang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1152-7915"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128140","display_name":"Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/030ffke25","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128140"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Linpo Shang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Energy and Power Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1152-7915","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Energy and Power Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128140"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069584144","display_name":"Xufei Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1220-8119"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128140","display_name":"Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/030ffke25","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128140"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xufei Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1220-8119","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128140"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115596070","display_name":"Zijian Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128140","display_name":"Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/030ffke25","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128140"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zijian Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128140"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100381999","display_name":"Qiang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3776-9799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128140","display_name":"Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/030ffke25","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128140"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128140"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhiyu Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128140","display_name":"Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/030ffke25","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128140"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128140"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100353920","display_name":"Xin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6460-6066"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128140","display_name":"Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/030ffke25","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128140"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6460-6066","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128140"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014036913","display_name":"Yan-Zuo Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6392-7511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128140","display_name":"Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/030ffke25","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210128140"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanzuo Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Energy and Power Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6392-7511","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Energy and Power Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128140"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128140"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.5002,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88155949,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"117687","last_page":"117699"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":0.9157999753952026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":0.9157999753952026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spark","display_name":"SPARK (programming language)","score":0.6521410346031189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6271489858627319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.46826913952827454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.432123064994812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3987073004245758}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781215313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3493345","display_name":"SPARK (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.6521410346031189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6271489858627319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.46826913952827454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.432123064994812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3987073004245758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3581968","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3581968","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:eb17c762e2f74b22839a421408326d7a","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/eb17c762e2f74b22839a421408326d7a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 117687-117699 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3581968","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3581968","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4852968316","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022A1515011527","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6467918484","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022rcyj2003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310901","funder_display_name":"Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310901","display_name":"Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/030ffke25"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321921","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2794204548","https://openalex.org/W2922509574","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963294168","https://openalex.org/W2964169840","https://openalex.org/W2995299623","https://openalex.org/W3034552520","https://openalex.org/W3148893986","https://openalex.org/W3156772576","https://openalex.org/W3208697304","https://openalex.org/W4213193982","https://openalex.org/W4224297527","https://openalex.org/W4224936685","https://openalex.org/W4285411939","https://openalex.org/W4289752563","https://openalex.org/W4293660432","https://openalex.org/W4306148038","https://openalex.org/W4309118500","https://openalex.org/W4312054939","https://openalex.org/W4318464214","https://openalex.org/W4319319443","https://openalex.org/W4319600119","https://openalex.org/W4377141775","https://openalex.org/W4382059335","https://openalex.org/W4385416706","https://openalex.org/W4385422046","https://openalex.org/W4385839827","https://openalex.org/W4386071462","https://openalex.org/W4386641496","https://openalex.org/W4387503115","https://openalex.org/W4387743828","https://openalex.org/W4390873988","https://openalex.org/W4391157901","https://openalex.org/W4392746262","https://openalex.org/W4393130630","https://openalex.org/W4394585986","https://openalex.org/W4394910444","https://openalex.org/W4395050864","https://openalex.org/W4399327682","https://openalex.org/W4400071697","https://openalex.org/W4400859202","https://openalex.org/W4400933314","https://openalex.org/W4400951183","https://openalex.org/W4401354117","https://openalex.org/W4401806236","https://openalex.org/W4402467907","https://openalex.org/W4402992628","https://openalex.org/W4403048074","https://openalex.org/W4405908917","https://openalex.org/W4407128922","https://openalex.org/W4408594471"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W3215138031","https://openalex.org/W3009238340","https://openalex.org/W4360585206","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W4285208911","https://openalex.org/W3082895349","https://openalex.org/W4213079790","https://openalex.org/W2248239756","https://openalex.org/W3086377361"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,33,82],"the":[1,30,34,61,92,113,120,128,135,143,157,193,217,221,233,236],"field":[2,35],"of":[3,36,95,145,184,235],"fire":[4,40,58,87,103],"prevention":[5],"and":[6,16,20,51,90,104,116,186,204,208,228,242],"industrial":[7],"safety":[8],"monitoring,":[9],"it":[10],"is":[11,64],"very":[12],"important":[13],"to":[14,84,112,164,170],"accurately":[15],"efficiently":[17],"detect":[18],"fires":[19,28],"deal":[21],"with":[22,216],"some":[23,57],"factors":[24,89],"that":[25,214],"may":[26],"affect":[27],"in":[29,77,239],"early":[31],"stages.":[32],"computer":[37],"vision,":[38],"existing":[39,70],"detection":[41,49,71,93,106,144,206],"algorithms":[42,72],"often":[43],"have":[44,109],"problems":[45],"such":[46],"as":[47],"low":[48],"accuracy":[50,207,225],"algorithm":[52,223,238],"error":[53],"detection.":[54],"Moreover,":[55],"for":[56,174],"warning":[59,80,88],"factors,":[60],"current":[62],"focus":[63],"mainly":[65],"on":[66,161],"detecting":[67,78,240],"smoke,":[68],"while":[69],"are":[73],"still":[74],"relatively":[75],"lacking":[76],"other":[79,86],"factors.":[81],"order":[83],"explore":[85],"enhance":[91,201],"capability":[94],"fires,":[96],"this":[97],"paper":[98],"proposes":[99],"an":[100],"improved":[101,237],"YOLOv8":[102,219],"spark":[105],"algorithm-YOLO-DKM.":[107],"Improvements":[108],"been":[110,125],"made":[111],"backbone":[114,129],"network":[115,195],"neck":[117,194],"network.":[118],"Firstly,":[119],"SKAttention":[121],"attention":[122,136,190],"mechanism":[123,191],"has":[124],"introduced":[126],"into":[127,156,192],"network,":[130],"which":[131],"can":[132,196],"adaptively":[133,165],"adjust":[134,166],"weights":[137],"at":[138],"different":[139,171],"scales,":[140],"effectively":[141],"improving":[142],"small":[146],"flame":[147],"targets":[148],"or":[149],"tiny":[150],"granular":[151],"sparks.":[152,187,243],"And":[153],"integrate":[154],"DSConv":[155],"C2f":[158],"module,":[159],"relying":[160],"dynamic":[162],"characteristics":[163],"convolution":[167],"operations":[168],"according":[169],"scene":[172],"features":[173,183],"more":[175],"flexible":[176],"local":[177,182],"region":[178],"feature":[179],"extraction,":[180],"capturing":[181],"flames":[185,241],"Introducing":[188],"CBAM":[189],"help":[197],"reduce":[198],"background":[199],"interference,":[200],"model":[202],"perception,":[203],"improve":[205],"recall.":[209],"The":[210],"experimental":[211],"results":[212],"show":[213],"compared":[215],"original":[218],"algorithm,":[220],"YOLO-DKM":[222],"improves":[224],"by":[226,230],"5.4%":[227],"recall":[229],"3.6%,":[231],"proving":[232],"effectiveness":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}