{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411471996","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3581678","title":"Small-Signal Stability Analysis and Parameters Optimization of Virtual Synchronous Generator for Low-Inertia Power System","display_name":"Small-Signal Stability Analysis and Parameters Optimization of Virtual Synchronous Generator for Low-Inertia Power System","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411471996","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3581678"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3581678","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3581678","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3581678","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082533026","display_name":"Alaa Altawallbeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0807-4971"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","display_name":"Qatar University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yhnba62","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alaa Altawallbeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049138060","display_name":"Abdulrahman Alassi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1452-4038"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141453","display_name":"Iberdrola (Qatar)","ror":"https://ror.org/03wyr0j06","country_code":"QA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141453"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulrahman Alassi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Iberdrola Innovation Middle East, Doha, Qatar"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Iberdrola Innovation Middle East, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054285669","display_name":"Nader Meskin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3098-9369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","display_name":"Qatar University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yhnba62","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nader Meskin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067425033","display_name":"Mohammed Al\u2010Hitmi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5344-1294"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","display_name":"Qatar University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yhnba62","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed A. Al-Hitmi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023955247","display_name":"Ahmed Massoud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9343-469X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","display_name":"Qatar University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yhnba62","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed M. Massoud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5082533026"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":5.6543,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96113537,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"107227","last_page":"107243"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14444","display_name":"Power Systems and Renewable Energy","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14444","display_name":"Power Systems and Renewable Energy","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2102","display_name":"Energy Engineering and Power Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13183","display_name":"Islanding Detection in Power Systems","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permanent-magnet-synchronous-generator","display_name":"Permanent magnet synchronous generator","score":0.6141431331634521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6044704914093018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inertia","display_name":"Inertia","score":0.6000553965568542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.5775381922721863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-generator","display_name":"Signal generator","score":0.5279171466827393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5252059102058411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.5155996680259705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.48855337500572205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.45211565494537354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.44444751739501953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11207988858222961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09685170650482178}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201320609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3274420","display_name":"Permanent magnet synchronous generator","level":3,"score":0.6141431331634521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6044704914093018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110407247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122508","display_name":"Inertia","level":2,"score":0.6000553965568542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.5775381922721863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207912722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1259123","display_name":"Signal generator","level":3,"score":0.5279171466827393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5252059102058411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5155996680259705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.48855337500572205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45211565494537354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.44444751739501953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11207988858222961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09685170650482178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3581678","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3581678","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:928865acc007414aa81a00ea823990e8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/928865acc007414aa81a00ea823990e8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 107227-107243 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/30542726","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal contribution"},{"id":"pmh:oai:qspace.qu.edu.qa:10576/66688","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3581678","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400014","display_name":"Qatar University QSpace (Qatar University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","host_organization_name":"Qatar University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3581678","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3581678","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2012008241","https://openalex.org/W2075373489","https://openalex.org/W2104195154","https://openalex.org/W2109364787","https://openalex.org/W2151903076","https://openalex.org/W2548949292","https://openalex.org/W2802564867","https://openalex.org/W2884834346","https://openalex.org/W2943395887","https://openalex.org/W2999625554","https://openalex.org/W3007533444","https://openalex.org/W3016492738","https://openalex.org/W3120482065","https://openalex.org/W3139299370","https://openalex.org/W3184524131","https://openalex.org/W3216169756","https://openalex.org/W4205129187","https://openalex.org/W4221091193","https://openalex.org/W4285252154","https://openalex.org/W4388430371","https://openalex.org/W4390416068","https://openalex.org/W4394744232","https://openalex.org/W4400524656","https://openalex.org/W4401210505","https://openalex.org/W4401691969","https://openalex.org/W4402508988","https://openalex.org/W4402739591","https://openalex.org/W4403977019"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2369838978","https://openalex.org/W2108529481","https://openalex.org/W2320199592","https://openalex.org/W2360200482","https://openalex.org/W1510114566","https://openalex.org/W2363092956","https://openalex.org/W2355062162","https://openalex.org/W1974656731","https://openalex.org/W2390668907","https://openalex.org/W2391869486"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,123,163],"stable":[1],"operation":[2],"of":[3,71,88,90],"converter-interfaced":[4],"generation":[5],"(CIG)":[6],"units":[7],"is":[8],"paramount":[9],"for":[10,28,169],"ensuring":[11],"resilience":[12],"in":[13,64,130,135,160],"low-inertia":[14],"power":[15,38,41,141,173],"systems.":[16,174],"This":[17],"paper":[18],"presents":[19],"a":[20,106,114,132,139],"comprehensive":[21],"small-signal":[22],"modeling":[23],"and":[24,45,49,56,100,138,157],"stability":[25,83,159],"analysis":[26,55],"framework":[27],"grid-connected":[29],"virtual":[30],"synchronous":[31],"generators":[32],"(VSGs),":[33],"integrating:":[34],"an":[35,127],"LCL-filter":[36],"interfaced":[37],"converter,":[39],"active/reactive":[40],"loop":[42],"(APL/RPL)":[43],"controllers,":[44],"dual-loop":[46],"PI-based":[47],"current":[48],"voltage":[50],"control.":[51],"Through":[52],"systematic":[53],"eigenvalue":[54],"parameter":[57],"sensitivity":[58],"studies,":[59],"complemented":[60],"by":[61],"time-domain":[62],"verification":[63],"MATLAB/SIMULINK,":[65],"we":[66],"demonstrate":[67],"the":[68,86],"decisive":[69],"influence":[70],"VSG":[72,120,149],"control":[73],"parameters":[74],"on":[75],"low-frequency":[76],"oscillation":[77],"(LFO)":[78],"damping":[79],"characteristics,":[80],"transient":[81],"frequency":[82,91,94,136,158],"metrics,":[84],"including":[85],"rate":[87],"change":[89],"(ROCOF),":[92],"maximum":[93],"deviation":[95],"(<italic":[96],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[97],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">f<sub>nadir</sub></i>),":[98],"overshoot,":[99],"settling":[101],"time.":[102],"We":[103],"further":[104],"propose":[105],"hybrid":[107],"Particle":[108],"Swarm":[109],"Optimization":[110],"(PSO)":[111],"algorithm":[112],"with":[113],"multi-objective":[115],"cost":[116],"function":[117],"to":[118],"optimize":[119],"controller":[121],"gains.":[122],"optimized":[124],"design":[125],"achieves":[126],"83%":[128],"reduction":[129],"ROCOF,":[131],"90%":[133],"improvement":[134],"deviation,":[137],"non-oscillatory":[140],"response.":[142],"These":[143],"results":[144],"quantitatively":[145],"validate":[146],"that":[147],"proper":[148],"gain":[150],"tuning":[151],"can":[152],"significantly":[153],"enhance":[154],"dynamic":[155],"performance":[156],"inertia-constrained":[161],"grids.":[162],"proposed":[164],"methodology":[165],"offers":[166],"practical":[167],"insights":[168],"designing":[170],"resilient":[171],"CIG-dominated":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-07T14:57:38.498316","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
