{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411358789","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3580424","title":"Hierarchical Convolution-Transformer Framework for Gear Fault Diagnosis Under Severe Noise","display_name":"Hierarchical Convolution-Transformer Framework for Gear Fault Diagnosis Under Severe Noise","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411358789","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3580424"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3580424","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3580424","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3580424","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012093211","display_name":"Qiushi He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3998-7039"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47689461","display_name":"Northeast Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/02yxnh564","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiushi He","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3998-7039","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009435998","display_name":"Bo Soo Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2970-3650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47689461","display_name":"Northeast Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/02yxnh564","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054498632","display_name":"Shanshan Fan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47689461","display_name":"Northeast Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/02yxnh564","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanshan Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003898691","display_name":"Xueyi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0335-0594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47689461","display_name":"Northeast Forestry University","ror":"https://ror.org/02yxnh564","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xueyi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0335-0594","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012093211"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47689461"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12542187,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"105492","last_page":"105504"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11062","display_name":"Gear and Bearing Dynamics Analysis","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11062","display_name":"Gear and Bearing Dynamics Analysis","score":0.996399998664856,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10188","display_name":"Advanced machining processes and optimization","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6453613638877869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.6188067197799683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5424306392669678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4953257143497467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overlap\u2013add-method","display_name":"Overlap\u2013add method","score":0.4713408648967743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-measurement","display_name":"Noise measurement","score":0.4496510624885559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.42040765285491943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.34742921590805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2540675401687622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.25030168890953064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.17649701237678528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15029287338256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1201019287109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.11515998840332031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.07918301224708557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.07856923341751099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-transform","display_name":"Fourier transform","score":0.06914359331130981}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6453613638877869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.6188067197799683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5424306392669678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4953257143497467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181002996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1611641","display_name":"Overlap\u2013add method","level":5,"score":0.4713408648967743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29265498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7047719","display_name":"Noise measurement","level":3,"score":0.4496510624885559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.42040765285491943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.34742921590805054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2540675401687622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.25030168890953064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.17649701237678528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15029287338256836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1201019287109375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.11515998840332031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.07918301224708557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.07856923341751099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102519508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6520159","display_name":"Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.06914359331130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203024314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365258","display_name":"Fourier analysis","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76563020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817582","display_name":"Fractional Fourier transform","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3580424","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3580424","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d8e317dfbe7f4c33820ece5b0db45a78","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d8e317dfbe7f4c33820ece5b0db45a78","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 105492-105504 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3580424","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3580424","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G748517562","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2572022BF07","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8138757612","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024YFB3310702","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8660365108","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023HBRCCG004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329889","funder_display_name":"Henan Province Science and Technology Innovation Talent Program"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329889","display_name":"Henan Province Science and Technology Innovation Talent Program","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2614221804","https://openalex.org/W2887782657","https://openalex.org/W2947274212","https://openalex.org/W2963420686","https://openalex.org/W3007313142","https://openalex.org/W3048342131","https://openalex.org/W3196554971","https://openalex.org/W4285245107","https://openalex.org/W4293811858","https://openalex.org/W4308001098","https://openalex.org/W4315866203","https://openalex.org/W4321350102","https://openalex.org/W4379382445","https://openalex.org/W4383750973","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4387092406","https://openalex.org/W4387192660","https://openalex.org/W4387192705","https://openalex.org/W4390285465","https://openalex.org/W4392295254","https://openalex.org/W4392825324","https://openalex.org/W4396766376","https://openalex.org/W4401017248","https://openalex.org/W4401327797","https://openalex.org/W4403021897","https://openalex.org/W4403023464","https://openalex.org/W4403421340","https://openalex.org/W4403421410","https://openalex.org/W4404563262","https://openalex.org/W4407996539"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2267589039","https://openalex.org/W2369791303","https://openalex.org/W4372260258","https://openalex.org/W2133280289","https://openalex.org/W2360069155","https://openalex.org/W2759540840","https://openalex.org/W2169963286","https://openalex.org/W4254230825","https://openalex.org/W2919798019","https://openalex.org/W2159795102"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"address":[1],"the":[2,13,28,55,70],"limitations":[3],"of":[4,20,58],"convolutional":[5],"neural":[6],"networks":[7],"in":[8,23],"capturing":[9],"global":[10,52],"fault":[11,25,108],"features,":[12,68],"high":[14],"computational":[15,84],"cost":[16],"and":[17,27,51,61,99,118],"overfitting":[18],"risk":[19],"Transformer":[21],"models":[22,75],"gear":[24,107],"diagnosis,":[26],"feature":[29,93],"degradation":[30],"under":[31,110],"strong":[32,111],"noise,":[33],"this":[34],"study":[35],"proposes":[36],"a":[37,46,88],"novel":[38],"convolution\u2013Transformer\u2013channel":[39],"attention":[40],"network.":[41],"The":[42],"proposed":[43],"method":[44,103],"achieves":[45],"dynamic":[47],"balance":[48],"between":[49],"local":[50,67],"features":[53],"through":[54],"joint":[56],"design":[57],"multi-scale":[59],"convolution":[60,65],"sparse":[62,72],"self-attention.":[63],"Multi-scale":[64],"extracts":[66],"while":[69],"enhanced":[71],"multi-head":[73],"self-attention":[74],"long-range":[76],"dependencies":[77],"via":[78],"adaptive":[79],"sequence":[80],"compression":[81],"to":[82,95],"reduce":[83],"complexity.":[85],"In":[86],"addition,":[87],"dual-stage":[89],"squeeze-and-excitation":[90],"mechanism":[91],"recalibrates":[92],"channels":[94],"suppress":[96],"noise":[97,112],"interference":[98],"enhance":[100],"robustness.":[101],"This":[102],"is":[104],"well-suited":[105],"for":[106,121],"diagnosis":[109],"conditions,":[113],"offering":[114],"improved":[115],"generalization":[116],"capability":[117],"promising":[119],"potential":[120],"industrial":[122],"applications.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
