{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411336814","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3580352","title":"Design of a Controllable Axial-Flux Halbach Array for Magnetic Suspension Tasks","display_name":"Design of a Controllable Axial-Flux Halbach Array for Magnetic Suspension Tasks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411336814","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3580352"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3580352","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3580352","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3580352","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052046178","display_name":"W. Flanagan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5973-1324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Will Flanagan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5973-1324","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109704801","display_name":"He Kai Lim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3118-0184"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"He Kai Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3118-0184","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059364881","display_name":"Cameron R. Taylor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7618-0544"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cameron R. Taylor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA","Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7618-0544","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177","https://openalex.org/I137902535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177","https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075628520","display_name":"Tyler R. Clites","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7754-4442"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tyler R. Clites","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7754-4442","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1305303,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"104291","last_page":"104300"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11602","display_name":"Magnetic Bearings and Levitation Dynamics","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11602","display_name":"Magnetic Bearings and Levitation Dynamics","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12405","display_name":"Characterization and Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles","score":0.9729999899864197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.9544000029563904,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/halbach-array","display_name":"Halbach array","score":0.9161401391029358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-flux","display_name":"Magnetic flux","score":0.6506320238113403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flux","display_name":"Flux (metallurgy)","score":0.5055351257324219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.5029038786888123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomagnetism","display_name":"Biomagnetism","score":0.47499123215675354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suspension","display_name":"Suspension (topology)","score":0.4616474211215973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electromagnetic-suspension","display_name":"Electromagnetic suspension","score":0.45025742053985596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-magnetic-resonance","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","score":0.39029383659362793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38481757044792175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.3347935378551483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnet","display_name":"Magnet","score":0.330855131149292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.3302317261695862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-field","display_name":"Magnetic field","score":0.28616946935653687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23091453313827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14386481046676636}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42283938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1465231","display_name":"Halbach array","level":3,"score":0.9161401391029358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157479481","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177831","display_name":"Magnetic flux","level":3,"score":0.6506320238113403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68709404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134475","display_name":"Flux (metallurgy)","level":2,"score":0.5055351257324219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5029038786888123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78902741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4915071","display_name":"Biomagnetism","level":3,"score":0.47499123215675354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105341887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307987","display_name":"Suspension (topology)","level":3,"score":0.4616474211215973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40904291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17010224","display_name":"Electromagnetic suspension","level":3,"score":0.45025742053985596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46141821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","level":1,"score":0.39029383659362793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38481757044792175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3347935378551483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16389437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11421","display_name":"Magnet","level":2,"score":0.330855131149292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3302317261695862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.28616946935653687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23091453313827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14386481046676636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5961521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746083","display_name":"Homotopy","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3580352","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3580352","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:a40bf38c188940198076a73dc820e4bc","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/a40bf38c188940198076a73dc820e4bc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 104291-104300 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3580352","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3580352","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6600000262260437}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1062334230","display_name":"Electromagnetic Attachment of Assistive Devices","funder_award_id":"2144015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3336518514","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DGE-2034835","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3452014117","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2144015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333566","funder_display_name":"National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6692796775","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W81XWH2220046","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333566","display_name":"National Defense Science and Engineering Graduate","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W869624156","https://openalex.org/W1897727857","https://openalex.org/W1983183140","https://openalex.org/W1995454443","https://openalex.org/W1998008480","https://openalex.org/W2031280012","https://openalex.org/W2036439586","https://openalex.org/W2071973549","https://openalex.org/W2112456173","https://openalex.org/W2139566153","https://openalex.org/W2156136654","https://openalex.org/W2196750178","https://openalex.org/W2397405457","https://openalex.org/W2585961844","https://openalex.org/W2753876966","https://openalex.org/W2767525285","https://openalex.org/W2937334061","https://openalex.org/W3004386539","https://openalex.org/W3114088605","https://openalex.org/W4251805203","https://openalex.org/W4286784865","https://openalex.org/W4387501116","https://openalex.org/W4389666088"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2382146815","https://openalex.org/W2391023199","https://openalex.org/W2382534273","https://openalex.org/W243369047","https://openalex.org/W1596894198","https://openalex.org/W2096849156","https://openalex.org/W2220059166","https://openalex.org/W4293683089","https://openalex.org/W816095878","https://openalex.org/W624674788"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Magnetic":[0],"fields":[1],"enable":[2],"force":[3,13,34,50,188],"application":[4,51],"without":[5],"mechanical":[6],"connection.":[7],"By":[8,91],"this":[9,61,118,132],"means,":[10],"electromagnets":[11],"apply":[12],"across":[14],"a":[15,46,70,105,127,148,179,195],"distance,":[16],"but":[17,36],"require":[18],"continuous":[19],"power":[20,160,177],"to":[21,135,172,191,220],"maintain":[22],"constant":[23,33],"force.":[24],"In":[25,203],"contrast,":[26],"switchable":[27,196],"permanent":[28],"magnet":[29,197],"mechanisms":[30],"allow":[31],"unpowered":[32],"application,":[35],"are":[37],"typically":[38],"used":[39],"in":[40,82,121,175],"close-range":[41],"(small":[42],"gap)":[43,56],"applications.":[44,202,233],"Hence,":[45],"device":[47,156],"enabling":[48],"low-power":[49],"over":[52],"greater":[53],"distances":[54],"(large":[55],"is":[57],"needed.":[58],"To":[59,115],"meet":[60],"need,":[62],"we":[63,125],"introduce":[64],"an":[65,162,170,218],"adjustable":[66],"magnetic":[67,96,122,137,209,227],"actuator":[68],"called":[69],"controllable,":[71],"axial-flux":[72,88],"Halbach":[73,89],"array":[74],"(CAHA).":[75],"The":[76,183],"novelty":[77],"of":[78,86,142,206],"our":[79,155,213],"design":[80,129,133,223],"lies":[81],"the":[83,95,109,113,143,207,221],"concentric":[84],"nesting":[85,92],"two":[87],"rings.":[90,114],"these":[93],"rings,":[94],"field":[97],"extends":[98],"out":[99],"axially":[100],"on":[101,108],"one":[102],"side,":[103],"with":[104,169],"strength":[106],"dependent":[107],"relative":[110],"rotation":[111],"between":[112],"demonstrate":[116],"how":[117],"mechanism":[119],"performs":[120],"suspension":[123,228],"tasks,":[124,168],"simulated":[126],"CAHA":[128,149,184,222],"model,":[130],"compared":[131],"model":[134,185],"alternative":[136],"actuators,":[138],"swept":[139],"geometric":[140],"parameters":[141],"design,":[144],"and":[145],"empirically":[146],"characterized":[147],"prototype.":[150],"Our":[151],"simulations":[152],"show":[153],"that":[154,224],"required":[157],"much":[158],"less":[159],"than":[161,194],"electromagnet":[163],"for":[164,178,198,230],"low-frequency":[165],"(<16":[166],"Hz)":[167],"up":[171,190],"93%":[173],"reduction":[174],"average":[176],"5":[180],"Hz":[181],"task.":[182],"also":[186],"had":[187],"densities":[189],"2.3x":[192],"higher":[193],"large-gap":[199,232],"(\u226510":[200],"mm)":[201],"empirical":[204],"tests":[205],"CAHA,":[208],"performance":[210],"closely":[211],"matched":[212],"simulations.":[214],"These":[215],"results":[216],"represent":[217],"introduction":[219],"could":[225],"improve":[226],"systems":[229],"low-frequency,":[231]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-22T08:00:12.763002","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}