{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411203104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3578612","title":"Visual Servoing Drone Utilizing Ground Robot Detection Model for UAV-UGV Alignment for Retrieval Operations","display_name":"Visual Servoing Drone Utilizing Ground Robot Detection Model for UAV-UGV Alignment for Retrieval Operations","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411203104","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3578612"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3578612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3578612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3578612","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104542839","display_name":"Jamaica Mae L. Pepito","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24245652","display_name":"Mindanao State University \u2013 Iligan Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qemyc07","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24245652"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jamaica Mae Pepito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Applications, College of Computer Studies, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, Philippines","Department of Computer Applications, College of Computer Studies, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3560-5819","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Applications, College of Computer Studies, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24245652"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Applications, College of Computer Studies, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24245652"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084421732","display_name":"John Mel A. Bolaybolay","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24245652","display_name":"Mindanao State University \u2013 Iligan Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qemyc07","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24245652"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Mel Bolaybolay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Mechatronics and Robotics, College of Engineering, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, Philippines","College of Engineering, Center for Mechatronics and Robotics, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7616-5755","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Mechatronics and Robotics, College of Engineering, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24245652"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Center for Mechatronics and Robotics, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24245652"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029044661","display_name":"Earl Ryan M. Aleluya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9498-7050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24245652","display_name":"Mindanao State University \u2013 Iligan Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qemyc07","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24245652"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Earl Ryan Aleluya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering and Mechatronics, College of Engineering, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, Philippines","Department of Computer Engineering and Mechatronics, College of Engineering, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9498-7050","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering and Mechatronics, College of Engineering, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24245652"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering and Mechatronics, College of Engineering, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24245652"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027097341","display_name":"Francis Jann A. Alagon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9535-2296"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24245652","display_name":"Mindanao State University \u2013 Iligan Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qemyc07","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24245652"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francis Jann Alagon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering and Mechatronics, College of Engineering, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, Philippines","Department of Computer Engineering and Mechatronics, College of Engineering, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9535-2296","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering and Mechatronics, College of Engineering, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24245652"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering and Mechatronics, College of Engineering, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24245652"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043914791","display_name":"Steve E. Clar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24245652","display_name":"Mindanao State University \u2013 Iligan Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qemyc07","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24245652"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steve Clar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering and Mechatronics, College of Engineering, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, Philippines","Department of Computer Engineering and Mechatronics, College of Engineering, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering and Mechatronics, College of Engineering, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24245652"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering and Mechatronics, College of Engineering, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24245652"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053058054","display_name":"Immanuel P. Paradela","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24245652","display_name":"Mindanao State University \u2013 Iligan Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qemyc07","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24245652"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Immanuel Paradela","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Mechatronics and Robotics, College of Engineering, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, Philippines","College of Engineering, Center for Mechatronics and Robotics, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-7480-7880","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Mechatronics and Robotics, College of Engineering, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24245652"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Center for Mechatronics and Robotics, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24245652"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028770925","display_name":"Sherwin A. Guirnaldo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24245652","display_name":"Mindanao State University \u2013 Iligan Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qemyc07","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24245652"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sherwin Guirnaldo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, College of Engineering, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, Philippines","Department of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, College of Engineering, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, College of Engineering, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24245652"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, College of Engineering, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24245652"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008992397","display_name":"Jeanette C. Pao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0302-2187"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24245652","display_name":"Mindanao State University \u2013 Iligan Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qemyc07","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24245652"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeanette Pao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, College of Engineering, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, Philippines","Department of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, College of Engineering, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0302-2187","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, College of Engineering, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24245652"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, College of Engineering, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24245652"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091266868","display_name":"Carl John O. Salaan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7845-0560"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24245652","display_name":"Mindanao State University \u2013 Iligan Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00qemyc07","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24245652"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carl John Salaan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, College of Engineering, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, Philippines","Department of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, College of Engineering, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7845-0560","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, College of Engineering, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan City, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24245652"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, College of Engineering, Mindanao State University - Iligan Institute of Technology, Iligan, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24245652"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084335648","display_name":"Argel A. Bandala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3568-4858"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5996616","display_name":"De La Salle University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xftk194","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5996616"]}],"countries":["PH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Argel Bandala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gokongwei College of Engineering, De La Salle University, Malate, Manila, Philippines"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3568-4858","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gokongwei College of Engineering, De La Salle University, Malate, Manila, Philippines","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5996616"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5104542839"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24245652"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":9.1586,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96951245,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"103866","last_page":"103879"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9592000246047974,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.9592000246047974,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-servoing","display_name":"Visual servoing","score":0.8970546126365662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unmanned-ground-vehicle","display_name":"Unmanned ground vehicle","score":0.7598459720611572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.75350421667099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7455832958221436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone","display_name":"Drone","score":0.7296023964881897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6926220655441284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.5904381275177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot-kinematics","display_name":"Robot kinematics","score":0.4331764876842499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.38949280977249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.36109232902526855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.08852508664131165}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10912380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527952","display_name":"Visual servoing","level":3,"score":0.8970546126365662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776548393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2031473","display_name":"Unmanned ground vehicle","level":2,"score":0.7598459720611572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.75350421667099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7455832958221436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.7296023964881897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6926220655441284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.5904381275177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74222875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000312","display_name":"Robot kinematics","level":4,"score":0.4331764876842499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.38949280977249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.36109232902526855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.08852508664131165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3578612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3578612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:08dec48cb2a44517b92565bafb5ea977","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/08dec48cb2a44517b92565bafb5ea977","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 103866-103879 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3578612","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3578612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335589","display_name":"Philippine Council for Industry, Energy, and Emerging Technology Research and Development","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1579514258","https://openalex.org/W2014862465","https://openalex.org/W2066399143","https://openalex.org/W2077028512","https://openalex.org/W2138396958","https://openalex.org/W2161297696","https://openalex.org/W2313432976","https://openalex.org/W2418195073","https://openalex.org/W2585493154","https://openalex.org/W2756429360","https://openalex.org/W2765083660","https://openalex.org/W2792083172","https://openalex.org/W2892319028","https://openalex.org/W2902738349","https://openalex.org/W2947616598","https://openalex.org/W3005101058","https://openalex.org/W3093875436","https://openalex.org/W3101029558","https://openalex.org/W3112488904","https://openalex.org/W3160507975","https://openalex.org/W3164012963","https://openalex.org/W4213144250","https://openalex.org/W4286212714","https://openalex.org/W4295014329","https://openalex.org/W4367663955","https://openalex.org/W4367663958","https://openalex.org/W4367663961","https://openalex.org/W4367663973","https://openalex.org/W4385839827","https://openalex.org/W4386076325","https://openalex.org/W4386779438","https://openalex.org/W4387747426","https://openalex.org/W4390337338","https://openalex.org/W4393087105","https://openalex.org/W4395050256","https://openalex.org/W4396666716","https://openalex.org/W4398756379","https://openalex.org/W4399487088","https://openalex.org/W4400445661","https://openalex.org/W4400647623","https://openalex.org/W4400647755","https://openalex.org/W4400648001","https://openalex.org/W4400648005","https://openalex.org/W4400648112","https://openalex.org/W4400650038","https://openalex.org/W4401887491","https://openalex.org/W4402518287"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4229448053","https://openalex.org/W4247925126","https://openalex.org/W4327774218","https://openalex.org/W2059768187","https://openalex.org/W4312858960","https://openalex.org/W4386036939","https://openalex.org/W4379143281","https://openalex.org/W2119312651","https://openalex.org/W1987658035","https://openalex.org/W2402852349"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hazardous":[0],"and":[1,8,25,40,59,124,138,142,163,187,239],"remote":[2,240],"environments,":[3],"such":[4,117],"as":[5,118,153],"volcanic":[6],"regions":[7],"disaster":[9],"zones,":[10],"require":[11],"regular":[12],"monitoring":[13,30],"due":[14,74],"to":[15,52,75,98,170],"the":[16,64,84,154,200,203,210,227,230,234],"significant":[17],"risks":[18],"they":[19],"pose.":[20],"Innovative":[21],"solutions":[22],"like":[23],"aerial":[24],"mobile":[26,41],"robots":[27,42,48,112],"offer":[28],"safer":[29],"options,":[31],"though":[32],"drones":[33,57],"are":[34],"limited":[35],"by":[36],"short":[37],"battery":[38],"life,":[39],"face":[43],"mobility":[44],"challenges.":[45],"Collaborative":[46],"aerial-ground":[47],"have":[49],"been":[50],"developed":[51],"address":[53],"these":[54],"issues,":[55],"with":[56],"transporting":[58],"recovering":[60],"ground":[61,65,101,111,135,143,148],"robots.":[62],"Deploying":[63],"robot":[66,102,136,144,149],"is":[67,72],"easy,":[68],"but":[69],"its":[70],"recovery":[71],"challenging":[73],"drone":[76,186,211],"Global":[77],"Positioning":[78],"System":[79],"(GPS)":[80],"inaccuracies.":[81],"It":[82],"highlights":[83],"need":[85],"for":[86,233],"a":[87,100,139,179,183],"precise":[88],"visual":[89,184],"alignment":[90,191,215,232],"technique.":[91],"This":[92],"study":[93],"utilized":[94],"YOLOv8n":[95],"segmentation":[96],"model":[97,151,175],"develop":[99],"detection":[103,145,150],"model.":[104,146],"The":[105,147,174,190,206,223],"development":[106],"involved":[107],"gathering":[108],"images":[109],"of":[110,161,166,202,217,229],"in":[113,130,237],"various":[114],"environmental":[115],"settings":[116],"rocks,":[119],"seashores,":[120],"sand,":[121],"grasslands,":[122],"limestone,":[123],"soil.":[125],"Three":[126],"models":[127],"were":[128],"tested":[129,188],"this":[131],"study:":[132],"plate":[133,141],"detection,":[134,137],"combined":[140],"emerged":[152],"most":[155],"robust,":[156],"achieving":[157],"an":[158,164,213],"F1":[159],"score":[160],"99.7%":[162],"mAP":[165],"95.4%":[167],"at":[168,195],"0.5":[169],"0.96":[171],"IoU":[172],"thresholds.":[173],"was":[176,193],"integrated":[177],"into":[178],"small":[180],"computer":[181],"on":[182,199],"servoing":[185],"outdoors.":[189],"threshold":[192],"set":[194],"65":[196],"cm,":[197],"based":[198],"size":[201],"retrieval":[204,235],"mechanism.":[205],"experiments":[207],"indicate":[208],"that":[209],"achieved":[212],"average":[214],"error":[216],"41.985":[218],"cm":[219],"within":[220],"7.82":[221],"seconds.":[222],"experimental":[224],"results":[225],"exhibit":[226],"effectiveness":[228],"UAV-UGV":[231],"task":[236],"hazardous":[238],"areas.":[241]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
