{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411142847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3577996","title":"NeuroFusion-Trans: A Novel Transformer-Based EEG-EMG Fusion Model for Assistive Robotics","display_name":"NeuroFusion-Trans: A Novel Transformer-Based EEG-EMG Fusion Model for Assistive Robotics","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411142847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3577996"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3577996","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3577996","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3577996","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015297084","display_name":"Tipu Sultan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I208333798","display_name":"University of Missouri\u2013St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/037cnag11","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I208333798"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47838141","display_name":"Saint Louis University","ror":"https://ror.org/01p7jjy08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47838141"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tipu Sultan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Department, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA","Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Department, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8607-0386","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Department, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47838141","https://openalex.org/I208333798"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Department, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47838141"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070548061","display_name":"Guangping Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I208333798","display_name":"University of Missouri\u2013St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/037cnag11","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I208333798"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47838141","display_name":"Saint Louis University","ror":"https://ror.org/01p7jjy08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47838141"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangping Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Department, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA","Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Department, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8638-318X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Department, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47838141","https://openalex.org/I208333798"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Department, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47838141"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098937096","display_name":"Pascal Sikorski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47838141","display_name":"Saint Louis University","ror":"https://ror.org/01p7jjy08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47838141"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pascal Sikorski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA","Computer Science Department, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4977-3863","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47838141"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47838141"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015201875","display_name":"Samah Alshathri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8805-7890"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106778892","display_name":"Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University","ror":"https://ror.org/05b0cyh02","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samah Alshathri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8805-7890","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106778892"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006443274","display_name":"Walid El\u2010Shafai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7509-2120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142024983","display_name":"Prince Sultan University","ror":"https://ror.org/053mqrf26","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Walid El-Shafai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, Automated Systems and Computing Laboratory (ASCL), Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","Computer Science Department, Automated Systems and Computing Lab (ASCL), Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7509-2120","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Automated Systems and Computing Laboratory (ASCL), Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, Automated Systems and Computing Lab (ASCL), Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142024983"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098937098","display_name":"Madi Babaiasl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3652-5795"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I208333798","display_name":"University of Missouri\u2013St. Louis","ror":"https://ror.org/037cnag11","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I208333798"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47838141","display_name":"Saint Louis University","ror":"https://ror.org/01p7jjy08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47838141"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madi Babaiasl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Department, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA","Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Department, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3652-5795","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Department, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47838141","https://openalex.org/I208333798"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering Department, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47838141"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.1339,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86613057,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"103245","last_page":"103263"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.9545999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.9229000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.660596489906311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.610634446144104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5831286907196045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.5565716028213501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.5431792140007019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensor-fusion","display_name":"Sensor fusion","score":0.4518827199935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3719944357872009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.2741909623146057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1974714994430542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.13191360235214233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1278262734413147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.10005560517311096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.07202103734016418}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.660596489906311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.610634446144104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5831286907196045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.5565716028213501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.5431792140007019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33954974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486494","display_name":"Sensor fusion","level":2,"score":0.4518827199935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3719944357872009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.2741909623146057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1974714994430542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.13191360235214233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1278262734413147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.10005560517311096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.07202103734016418}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3577996","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3577996","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:46b7c9a7a17047a8990f67b779187aa0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/46b7c9a7a17047a8990f67b779187aa0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 103245-103263 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3577996","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3577996","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5600000023841858,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2068184837","https://openalex.org/W2169866873","https://openalex.org/W2741907166","https://openalex.org/W2784284407","https://openalex.org/W2794345050","https://openalex.org/W2962782417","https://openalex.org/W2971527642","https://openalex.org/W3207088657","https://openalex.org/W4220805077","https://openalex.org/W4311415873","https://openalex.org/W4316035553","https://openalex.org/W4321599915","https://openalex.org/W4322152858","https://openalex.org/W4365147630","https://openalex.org/W4381488591","https://openalex.org/W4382403009","https://openalex.org/W4385336358","https://openalex.org/W4385570422","https://openalex.org/W4390993421","https://openalex.org/W4393171264","https://openalex.org/W4401612358","https://openalex.org/W4403069257","https://openalex.org/W4403182168","https://openalex.org/W4406260109","https://openalex.org/W4406461018","https://openalex.org/W4410153127"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2922348724","https://openalex.org/W200322357","https://openalex.org/W2130428257","https://openalex.org/W4308951944","https://openalex.org/W2057366091","https://openalex.org/W4312960290","https://openalex.org/W2049513647","https://openalex.org/W2988848585","https://openalex.org/W4233722919","https://openalex.org/W1508899372"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"User":[0],"intent":[1,32,120,231],"recognition":[2,33,54,81],"from":[3],"multimodal":[4],"neurophysiological":[5,25],"signals,":[6,115],"particularly":[7],"electroencephalography":[8,51],"(EEG)":[9],"and":[10,37,44,50,64,89,113,154,172,174,179,192,246,265],"electromyography":[11,48],"(EMG),":[12],"is":[13,136],"critical":[14],"for":[15,34,101,149,152,158,161,229],"enhancing":[16],"human-machine":[17,38],"interaction":[18],"in":[19,24,47,210,254,268],"assistive":[20,35,270],"robotics.":[21,271],"Recent":[22],"advances":[23],"signal":[26,103],"processing":[27],"have":[28],"enabled":[29],"enhanced":[30],"user":[31],"robotics":[36],"interfaces.":[39],"However,":[40],"achieving":[41,238],"high":[42],"accuracy":[43,169,204],"real-time":[45,126,227,269],"adaptability":[46],"(EMG)":[49],"(EEG)-based":[52],"gesture":[53,80,144],"remains":[55],"challenging":[56],"due":[57],"to":[58,117,131,218],"temporal":[59,84,255],"misalignment,":[60],"weak":[61],"cross-modality":[62,87,106,200],"fusion,":[63],"lack":[65],"of":[66,170,177,226,241],"adaptive":[67,91],"learning.":[68,93],"This":[69],"paper":[70],"proposes":[71],"NeuroFusion-Trans,":[72],"a":[73,219],"novel":[74],"transformer-based":[75],"framework":[76],"that":[77,197],"improves":[78],"EEG-EMG":[79,99,142,212,236],"by":[82,128,205],"improving":[83],"resolution,":[85],"using":[86],"attention,":[88],"integrating":[90],"online":[92,123,182],"Temporal":[94],"resolution":[95],"enhancement":[96],"ensures":[97],"dynamic":[98],"synchronization":[100,216,239],"improved":[102,263],"alignment.":[104,256],"The":[105,134,257],"attention":[107,201],"mechanism":[108,202],"captures":[109],"interdependencies":[110],"between":[111],"EEG":[112],"EMG":[114],"leading":[116],"more":[118],"accurate":[119],"classification.":[121],"Adaptive":[122],"learning":[124,228],"enables":[125],"personalization":[127],"dynamically":[129],"adjusting":[130],"user-specific":[132],"variations.":[133],"model":[135],"evaluated":[137],"on":[138,243,248],"two":[139],"publicly":[140],"available":[141],"upper-limb":[143],"datasets:":[145],"Dataset":[146,155,244,249],"1":[147,245],"(5,296":[148],"training,":[150,159],"1,324":[151],"validation)":[153],"2":[156],"(5,276":[157],"1,304":[160],"validation).":[162],"NeuroFusion-Trans":[163,234],"achieves":[164],"state-of-the-art":[165],"performance,":[166],"with":[167],"an":[168],"97%":[171],"96%":[173],"Cohen\u2019s":[175],"Kappa":[176],"0.97":[178],"0.95":[180],"after":[181],"adaptation,":[183],"significantly":[184],"outperforming":[185],"baseline":[186],"models":[187],"such":[188],"as":[189],"CNN-LSTM,":[190],"GRU,":[191],"LSTMNet.":[193],"Ablation":[194],"studies":[195],"reveal":[196],"removing":[198],"the":[199,224],"reduces":[203],"6.1%,":[206],"underscoring":[207],"its":[208,252],"importance":[209],"leveraging":[211],"dependencies.":[213],"Turning":[214],"off":[215],"leads":[217],"6.7%":[220],"performance":[221],"drop,":[222],"demonstrating":[223],"necessity":[225],"robust":[230,261],"recognition.":[232],"Furthermore,":[233],"enhances":[235],"synchronization,":[237],"scores":[240],"0.7471":[242],"0.7687":[247],"2,":[250],"confirming":[251],"effectiveness":[253],"proposed":[258],"approach":[259],"demonstrates":[260],"generalization,":[262],"responsiveness,":[264],"potential":[266],"applications":[267]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}