{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410949717","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3576218","title":"LightEnsemble-Guard: An Optimized Ensemble Learning Framework for Securing Resource-Constrained IoT Systems","display_name":"LightEnsemble-Guard: An Optimized Ensemble Learning Framework for Securing Resource-Constrained IoT Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410949717","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3576218"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3576218","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3576218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3576218","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113251686","display_name":"Muhammad Usama Tanveer","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102737","display_name":"Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0161dyt30","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Usama Tanveer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Technology, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan","Institute of Information Technology, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, RahimYar Khan, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-7374-9461","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Technology, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Technology, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, RahimYar Khan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039561400","display_name":"Kashif Munir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5114-4213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102737","display_name":"Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0161dyt30","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kashif Munir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Technology, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan","Institute of Information Technology, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, RahimYar Khan, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5114-4213","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Technology, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Technology, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, RahimYar Khan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061807114","display_name":"Madiha Amjad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1297-8757"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102737","display_name":"Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0161dyt30","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madiha Amjad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Technology, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan","Institute of Information Technology, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, RahimYar Khan, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1297-8757","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Technology, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Technology, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, RahimYar Khan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079466640","display_name":"Hasan J. Alyamani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0522-4348"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hasan J. Alyamani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0522-4348","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology in Rabigh, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043012225","display_name":"Amine Bermak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4984-6093"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144839","display_name":"Hamad bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amine Bermak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar","College of Science and Engineering, Division of Information and Computing Technology, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4984-6093","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Engineering, Division of Information and Computing Technology, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053314319","display_name":"Atiq Ur Rehman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0248-7919"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210102737","display_name":"Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0161dyt30","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144839","display_name":"Hamad bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}],"countries":["PK","QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atiq Ur Rehman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Technology, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan","College of Science and Engineering, Division of Information and Computing Technology, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0248-7919","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Technology, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Science and Engineering, Division of Information and Computing Technology, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5113251686"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210102737"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.2501,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80945357,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"101764","last_page":"101781"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.8794000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.8794000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8163235783576965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guard","display_name":"Guard (computer science)","score":0.6759820580482483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.4923330545425415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.44915077090263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ensemble-learning","display_name":"Ensemble learning","score":0.43819111585617065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.24614045023918152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23715057969093323}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8163235783576965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141141315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2379942","display_name":"Guard (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6759820580482483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.4923330545425415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.44915077090263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45942800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245652","display_name":"Ensemble learning","level":2,"score":0.43819111585617065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.24614045023918152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23715057969093323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3576218","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3576218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:69f38e78e98644b1a8c6150e93a6330d","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/69f38e78e98644b1a8c6150e93a6330d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 101764-101781 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/30540839","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal contribution"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3576218","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3576218","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334468","display_name":"Qatar National Library","ror":"https://ror.org/02jv93662"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W3160282572","https://openalex.org/W3164112554","https://openalex.org/W3197629190","https://openalex.org/W3217196210","https://openalex.org/W4214703929","https://openalex.org/W4312083050","https://openalex.org/W4320008781","https://openalex.org/W4379982878","https://openalex.org/W4384787750","https://openalex.org/W4385222884","https://openalex.org/W4386552795","https://openalex.org/W4386590663","https://openalex.org/W4387188573","https://openalex.org/W4390659067","https://openalex.org/W4391582407","https://openalex.org/W4392397337","https://openalex.org/W4392867149","https://openalex.org/W4394804953","https://openalex.org/W4396505479","https://openalex.org/W4396743307","https://openalex.org/W4397009061","https://openalex.org/W4398787743","https://openalex.org/W4399989640","https://openalex.org/W4401070070","https://openalex.org/W4401608470","https://openalex.org/W4402483954","https://openalex.org/W4403400523","https://openalex.org/W4403510193","https://openalex.org/W4404032667","https://openalex.org/W4404238437","https://openalex.org/W4405601847","https://openalex.org/W4406025406","https://openalex.org/W4408185944"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4245926026","https://openalex.org/W4311097251","https://openalex.org/W2586548817","https://openalex.org/W4254637722","https://openalex.org/W2980401999","https://openalex.org/W3016483420","https://openalex.org/W2331628363"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,149],"rapid":[1],"proliferation":[2],"of":[3,6,60,74],"real-time":[4,161],"Internet":[5],"Things":[7],"(IoT)":[8],"devices":[9,22],"has":[10],"increased":[11],"the":[12,90],"need":[13],"for":[14,49,139,160],"efficient":[15],"and":[16,33,66,85,93,102,132,145,157,171],"accurate":[17],"security":[18,35],"mechanisms.":[19,36],"Real-time":[20],"IoT":[21,51,140,162],"are":[23,147],"highly":[24,115],"vulnerable":[25],"to":[26,29,110],"cyberattacks":[27],"due":[28],"their":[30],"continuous":[31],"connectivity":[32],"limited":[34],"In":[37],"this":[38],"work,":[39],"we":[40,81],"propose":[41],"LightEnsemble-Guard,":[42],"an":[43,126,154],"ensemble":[44,123],"learning-based":[45],"approach":[46],"specifically":[47],"designed":[48],"resource-constrained":[50],"environments.":[52],"Our":[53],"method":[54],"achieves":[55],"a":[56,70,106],"high":[57],"detection":[58,112,130],"accuracy":[59,170],"99.55%,":[61],"with":[62],"strong":[63],"precision,":[64],"recall,":[65],"F1-score,":[67],"while":[68],"maintaining":[69],"low":[71],"computational":[72,133,172],"cost":[73],"just":[75],"22.23":[76],"seconds.":[77],"To":[78],"ensure":[79],"robustness,":[80],"conducted":[82],"5-fold":[83],"cross-validation":[84],"ROC":[86],"curve":[87],"evaluations,":[88],"confirming":[89],"model\u2019s":[91],"reliability":[92],"generalizability.":[94],"LightEnsemble-Guard":[95,152],"integrates":[96],"three":[97],"lightweight":[98,158],"classifiers":[99],"LightGBM,":[100],"XGBoost,":[101],"Extra":[103],"Trees":[104],"using":[105],"majority":[107],"voting":[108],"mechanism":[109],"improve":[111],"performance":[113,131],"on":[114],"imbalanced":[116],"datasets":[117],"without":[118],"burdening":[119],"system":[120],"resources.":[121],"This":[122],"strategy":[124],"ensures":[125],"optimal":[127],"balance":[128],"between":[129],"resource":[134],"utilization,":[135],"making":[136],"it":[137],"well-suited":[138],"networks,":[141],"where":[142],"processing":[143],"power":[144],"memory":[146],"limited.":[148],"results":[150],"highlight":[151],"as":[153],"effective,":[155],"scalable":[156],"solution":[159],"security,":[163],"significantly":[164],"outperforming":[165],"traditional":[166],"models":[167],"in":[168],"both":[169],"efficiency.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-13T08:25:38.343686","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
