{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410808775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3574368","title":"A Measurement-Based Trade-Off Analysis of EMF Exposure Levels and QoS in Mobile Networks","display_name":"A Measurement-Based Trade-Off Analysis of EMF Exposure Levels and QoS in Mobile Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410808775","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3574368"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3574368","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3574368","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3574368","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085703788","display_name":"H\u00ebna Maloku","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3237-0906"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78768387","display_name":"University of Prishtina","ror":"https://ror.org/05t3p2g92","country_code":"XK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78768387"]}],"countries":["XK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H\u00ebna Maloku","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Prishtina, Pristina, Kosovo","Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3237-0906","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Prishtina, Pristina, Kosovo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78768387"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78768387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023783405","display_name":"Zana Limani Fazliu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4037-2549"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78768387","display_name":"University of Prishtina","ror":"https://ror.org/05t3p2g92","country_code":"XK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78768387"]}],"countries":["XK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zana Limani Fazliu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Prishtina, Pristina, Kosovo","Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4037-2549","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Prishtina, Pristina, Kosovo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78768387"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78768387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028966162","display_name":"Jeta Dobruna","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78768387","display_name":"University of Prishtina","ror":"https://ror.org/05t3p2g92","country_code":"XK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78768387"]}],"countries":["XK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeta Dobruna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Prishtina, Pristina, Kosovo","Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Prishtina, Pristina, Kosovo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78768387"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78768387"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012135773","display_name":"Mimoza Ibrani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9252-3655"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78768387","display_name":"University of Prishtina","ror":"https://ror.org/05t3p2g92","country_code":"XK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78768387"]}],"countries":["XK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mimoza Ibrani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Prishtina, Pristina, Kosovo","Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9252-3655","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Prishtina, Pristina, Kosovo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78768387"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Prishtina, Republic of Kosovo","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78768387"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78768387"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.9253,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74909812,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"94354","last_page":"94369"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9864000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9864000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.9678999781608582,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.9541000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6500186920166016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.519779622554779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.40168553590774536}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6500186920166016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.519779622554779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.40168553590774536}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3574368","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3574368","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:918747fb650842848ec14f1ab4606678","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/918747fb650842848ec14f1ab4606678","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 94354-94369 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3574368","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3574368","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000552473","https://openalex.org/W2740725243","https://openalex.org/W2891431198","https://openalex.org/W2901441140","https://openalex.org/W2906645621","https://openalex.org/W2998228057","https://openalex.org/W3088424929","https://openalex.org/W3126130167","https://openalex.org/W3195991413","https://openalex.org/W3203029510","https://openalex.org/W4205453082","https://openalex.org/W4205556338","https://openalex.org/W4285141427","https://openalex.org/W4290612376","https://openalex.org/W4308090272","https://openalex.org/W4320342637","https://openalex.org/W4378842386","https://openalex.org/W4379233578","https://openalex.org/W4385756457","https://openalex.org/W4390938955","https://openalex.org/W4391620838","https://openalex.org/W4392096073","https://openalex.org/W4394564296","https://openalex.org/W4394753949","https://openalex.org/W4394850572","https://openalex.org/W4394939053","https://openalex.org/W4395064458","https://openalex.org/W4396982248","https://openalex.org/W4398188105","https://openalex.org/W4405232196","https://openalex.org/W4408880302"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"mobile":[1,90],"services":[2],"rapidly":[3],"expand,":[4],"network":[5,99],"operators":[6],"face":[7],"the":[8,76,81,89,111,130,138,144,218,224,228],"challenge":[9],"of":[10,20,114,135,140,153,179,196],"carefully":[11],"rolling":[12],"out":[13],"advanced":[14],"networks":[15],"that":[16,110,158,177,205,217],"meet":[17],"strict":[18],"Quality":[19],"Service":[21],"(QoS)":[22],"requirements":[23],"while":[24,143,194],"adhering":[25],"to":[26,167],"electromagnetic":[27],"fields":[28],"(EMF)":[29],"exposure":[30,50,83,240],"limits.":[31],"In":[32,151],"this":[33],"study,":[34],"we":[35,156],"present":[36],"a":[37,161,235],"trade-off":[38,154],"analysis":[39],"based":[40],"on":[41,102],"real":[42,103],"data":[43,65,165,188,203],"collected":[44],"through":[45],"measurement":[46,105],"campaign":[47],"between":[48,80,121],"EMF":[49,82,239],"levels":[51,84],"from":[52],"all":[53,125,211],"operating":[54],"cellular":[55],"technologies":[56],"and":[57,70,78,85,231],"main":[58],"QoS":[59,86],"parameters":[60],"experienced":[61],"by":[62,88,98],"users,":[63],"namely":[64],"rate,":[66],"received":[67,219],"signal":[68,220],"strength":[69,221],"quality":[71,212],"indicators.":[72],"This":[73],"works":[74],"investigates":[75],"relationship":[77,226],"interplay":[79],"recieved":[87],"users":[91],"at":[92],"different":[93],"frequency":[94,126],"bands":[95,127],"in":[96,129],"use":[97],"operators,":[100],"relying":[101],"life":[104],"data.":[106],"The":[107],"results":[108,175,215],"show":[109,176,216],"mean":[112],"value":[113,139,146],"measured":[115],"electric":[116],"field":[117],"(E-field)":[118],"samples":[119,136,180,197],"is":[120,148,160],"0.2-0.9":[122],"V/m":[123],"for":[124,163,238],"included":[128],"study.":[131],"Fewer":[132],"than":[133,191],"10%":[134],"exceed":[137],"1":[141,192,208],"V/m,":[142],"maximum":[145],"recorded":[147],"5.46":[149],"V/m.":[150],"terms":[152],"analysis,":[155],"observe":[157],"there":[159],"tendency":[162],"higher":[164],"rates":[166,189,204],"be":[168,233],"associated":[169,186],"with":[170,181,187,198,227],"lower":[171,190],"E-field":[172,183,200,229],"levels.":[173],"Our":[174],"90%":[178],"high":[182],"values":[184,201],"are":[185,206],"Mb/s,":[193],"50%":[195],"low":[199],"exhibit":[202],"above":[207],"Mb/s.":[209],"From":[210],"indicators,":[213],"our":[214],"indicator":[222],"shows":[223],"strongest":[225],"level":[230],"could":[232],"used":[234],"reliable":[236],"predictor":[237],"when":[241],"planning":[242],"future":[243],"EMF-aware":[244],"networks.":[245]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}