{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410772723","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3574217","title":"LQT-Based Energy-Efficient Control for Intelligent Vehicles Optimized by Adaptive Genetic Algorithm","display_name":"LQT-Based Energy-Efficient Control for Intelligent Vehicles Optimized by Adaptive Genetic Algorithm","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410772723","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3574217"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3574217","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3574217","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3574217","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xia Hong-Yang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122543","display_name":"Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02pcb5m77","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122543"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xia Hong-Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, CHINA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122543"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, CHINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yang Ming","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0282-3254"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122543","display_name":"Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02pcb5m77","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122543"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Ming","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, CHINA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0282-3254","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122543"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, CHINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103795294","display_name":"Luo Jingjing","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122543","display_name":"Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02pcb5m77","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122543"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luo Jing-Jing","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, CHINA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122543"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, CHINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122543"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031321004","display_name":"Xi Hong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122543","display_name":"Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02pcb5m77","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122543"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Xi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, CHINA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122543"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, CHINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122543"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xu Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0941-7785"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122543","display_name":"Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02pcb5m77","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122543"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xu Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, CHINA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0941-7785","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122543"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Guangdong Polytechnic Normal University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, CHINA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122543"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122543"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.3135,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49539999,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"96800","last_page":"96812"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9706000089645386,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10808","display_name":"Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technologies","score":0.9706000089645386,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.645698070526123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.5686340928077698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptive-control","display_name":"Adaptive control","score":0.47176387906074524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4374869465827942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.4269540309906006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.345459520816803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18276900053024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.13834795355796814}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.645698070526123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5686340928077698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107464732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235781","display_name":"Adaptive control","level":3,"score":0.47176387906074524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4374869465827942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.4269540309906006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.345459520816803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18276900053024292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.13834795355796814}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3574217","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3574217","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5e3fb42d1d594af79b829b6acd8853ad","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5e3fb42d1d594af79b829b6acd8853ad","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 96800-96812 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3574217","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3574217","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6571980899","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023A04J0281","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326667","funder_display_name":"Bureau of Education of Guangzhou Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8166440388","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021ZDJS027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326279","funder_display_name":"Department of Education of Guangdong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326279","display_name":"Department of Education of Guangdong Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326667","display_name":"Bureau of Education of Guangzhou Municipality","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2589422425","https://openalex.org/W2866164988","https://openalex.org/W2925024150","https://openalex.org/W2946241613","https://openalex.org/W2948387491","https://openalex.org/W2950890473","https://openalex.org/W3016616700","https://openalex.org/W3114438852","https://openalex.org/W3211079094","https://openalex.org/W3215536970","https://openalex.org/W4200276886","https://openalex.org/W4206830363","https://openalex.org/W4220763377","https://openalex.org/W4226343909","https://openalex.org/W4254816388","https://openalex.org/W4285296354","https://openalex.org/W4307392791","https://openalex.org/W4309633093","https://openalex.org/W4381434484","https://openalex.org/W4381686577","https://openalex.org/W4386608640","https://openalex.org/W4388878494","https://openalex.org/W4391848586","https://openalex.org/W4399282073","https://openalex.org/W4400763206","https://openalex.org/W4402919918"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W4409439182","https://openalex.org/W2053286651","https://openalex.org/W2181743346","https://openalex.org/W2187401768","https://openalex.org/W2181413294","https://openalex.org/W1982160337","https://openalex.org/W1971380437","https://openalex.org/W2052122378"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Existing":[0],"research":[1],"on":[2,8],"vehicle":[3,143],"energy":[4,139,151],"saving":[5],"primarily":[6],"focuses":[7],"longitudinal":[9],"control,":[10],"whereas":[11],"path":[12,117],"tracking":[13,118],"control":[14,17,24,82,122,170],"mainly":[15],"emphasizes":[16],"accuracy.":[18],"To":[19],"simultaneously":[20],"ensure":[21],"both":[22],"lateral":[23,169],"accuracy":[25,119],"and":[26,48,69,75,84,94,106,120,148],"energy-saving":[27,128,175],"performance,":[28],"this":[29],"study":[30],"proposes":[31],"an":[32],"Adaptive":[33],"Genetic":[34,58],"Algorithm":[35,59],"LQT":[36,46,60,161],"Controller":[37],"to":[38],"address":[39],"the":[40,49,67,73,81,87,91,98,110,137,141,149,159,165,168,174],"complex":[41],"parameter":[42],"tuning":[43],"of":[44,51,72,80,167],"traditional":[45,160],"controllers":[47],"lack":[50],"feedback":[52],"dynamic":[53],"adjustment":[54],"capability":[55],"in":[56,172],"conventional":[57],"controllers.":[61],"The":[62],"proposed":[63,111],"method":[64],"dynamically":[65],"adjusts":[66],"crossover":[68],"mutation":[70],"rates":[71],"Q":[74],"R":[76],"matrices":[77],"by":[78,155],"evaluation":[79],"signals":[83,123],"results":[85],"from":[86],"population,":[88],"effectively":[89],"balancing":[90],"global":[92],"search":[93],"local":[95],"convergence":[96],"during":[97],"optimization":[99],"process.":[100],"Finally,":[101],"joint":[102],"simulations":[103],"using":[104],"Carsim":[105],"Simulink":[107],"demonstrated":[108],"that":[109],"controller":[112],"not":[113],"only":[114],"achieved":[115],"high":[116],"smooth":[121],"but":[124],"also":[125],"significantly":[126],"improved":[127],"performance":[129],"under":[130],"high-speed,":[131],"large-curvature":[132],"operating":[133],"conditions.":[134],"By":[135],"optimizing":[136],"kinetic":[138,150],"loss,":[140],"residual":[142],"speed":[144],"is":[145,153],"notably":[146],"increased,":[147],"consumption":[152],"reduced":[154],"14.45%":[156],"compared":[157],"with":[158],"controller.":[162],"This":[163],"proves":[164],"potential":[166],"algorithm":[171],"enhancing":[173],"performance.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-18T07:39:51.176621","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}