{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410737878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3573937","title":"A Review of Developments and Metrology in Machine Learning and Deep Learning for Wearable IoT Devices","display_name":"A Review of Developments and Metrology in Machine Learning and Deep Learning for Wearable IoT Devices","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410737878","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3573937"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3573937","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3573937","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3573937","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041117762","display_name":"Minh Long Hoang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3622-4327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124601658","display_name":"University of Parma","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7wn190","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Minh Long Hoang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, Parma, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3622-4327","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Parma, Parma, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041117762"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124601658"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":24.4521,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9954541,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"106035","last_page":"106054"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.6284000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.6284000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7651439905166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.7475401759147644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.6933411359786987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-technology","display_name":"Wearable technology","score":0.5257295370101929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.45576485991477966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.42666101455688477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4009445309638977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3259465992450714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.2269204556941986}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7651439905166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.7475401759147644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.6933411359786987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54290928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4845080","display_name":"Wearable technology","level":3,"score":0.5257295370101929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.45576485991477966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.42666101455688477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4009445309638977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3259465992450714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.2269204556941986}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3573937","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3573937","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ac56543234a741348f7fbf4829222b2e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ac56543234a741348f7fbf4829222b2e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 106035-106054 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3573937","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3573937","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322875","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Parma","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7wn190"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":93,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984097153","https://openalex.org/W2011836537","https://openalex.org/W2068201078","https://openalex.org/W2068849277","https://openalex.org/W2070398553","https://openalex.org/W2077514957","https://openalex.org/W2085063828","https://openalex.org/W2116341502","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2273675851","https://openalex.org/W2311815372","https://openalex.org/W2563686712","https://openalex.org/W2607219512","https://openalex.org/W2609492056","https://openalex.org/W2743130883","https://openalex.org/W2768123168","https://openalex.org/W2772956512","https://openalex.org/W2884996318","https://openalex.org/W2898741879","https://openalex.org/W2916767748","https://openalex.org/W2951632519","https://openalex.org/W2963178695","https://openalex.org/W2974031746","https://openalex.org/W2980856918","https://openalex.org/W2990405315","https://openalex.org/W3009220946","https://openalex.org/W3009460750","https://openalex.org/W3015589435","https://openalex.org/W3019913914","https://openalex.org/W3021654819","https://openalex.org/W3043432628","https://openalex.org/W3044588961","https://openalex.org/W3104393478","https://openalex.org/W3108017380","https://openalex.org/W3135128169","https://openalex.org/W3138731435","https://openalex.org/W3158226043","https://openalex.org/W3160655852","https://openalex.org/W3160943595","https://openalex.org/W3193906736","https://openalex.org/W3201114812","https://openalex.org/W3201414681","https://openalex.org/W3210766530","https://openalex.org/W4205298908","https://openalex.org/W4205689482","https://openalex.org/W4224242327","https://openalex.org/W4285028160","https://openalex.org/W4295934548","https://openalex.org/W4297965481","https://openalex.org/W4311683229","https://openalex.org/W4312257891","https://openalex.org/W4312655287","https://openalex.org/W4313055802","https://openalex.org/W4318464273","https://openalex.org/W4319439968","https://openalex.org/W4360615678","https://openalex.org/W4367312623","https://openalex.org/W4377231935","https://openalex.org/W4378803232","https://openalex.org/W4383695663","https://openalex.org/W4386250986","https://openalex.org/W4388290460","https://openalex.org/W4389042764","https://openalex.org/W4389203612","https://openalex.org/W4389263830","https://openalex.org/W4389767209","https://openalex.org/W4390177005","https://openalex.org/W4390611263","https://openalex.org/W4390871500","https://openalex.org/W4392845099","https://openalex.org/W4399386592","https://openalex.org/W4401247234","https://openalex.org/W4402205474","https://openalex.org/W4402274395","https://openalex.org/W4402626732","https://openalex.org/W4402632648","https://openalex.org/W4404101663","https://openalex.org/W4404483424","https://openalex.org/W4404739235","https://openalex.org/W4405023013","https://openalex.org/W4405391175","https://openalex.org/W4406734786","https://openalex.org/W4407358232","https://openalex.org/W4407408400","https://openalex.org/W4408031910","https://openalex.org/W4408791657","https://openalex.org/W4408859259","https://openalex.org/W4408915566","https://openalex.org/W4409450035","https://openalex.org/W6739868092","https://openalex.org/W6754762128","https://openalex.org/W6810841108","https://openalex.org/W6963732718"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3090300519","https://openalex.org/W2514492205","https://openalex.org/W4250401876","https://openalex.org/W2943851981","https://openalex.org/W2566526749","https://openalex.org/W2012157391","https://openalex.org/W2585232498","https://openalex.org/W2562087406","https://openalex.org/W3047461507","https://openalex.org/W3126390843"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"research":[1,118],"explores":[2],"the":[3,40,107,117,132],"integration":[4],"of":[5,42,110,134],"Artificial":[6],"Intelligence":[7],"(AI)":[8],"in":[9,32,66,82,112],"wearable":[10,114,129],"devices,":[11,35,84],"including":[12],"smartwatches,":[13],"fitness":[14],"trackers,":[15],"smart":[16,19,83],"clothing,":[17],"and":[18,24,50,59,71,99,122],"eyewear.":[20],"Machine":[21],"Learning":[22,26],"(ML)":[23],"Deep":[25],"(DL)":[27],"play":[28],"a":[29],"crucial":[30],"role":[31],"enhancing":[33],"these":[34],"leveraging":[36],"sophisticated":[37],"algorithms":[38],"within":[39],"Internet":[41],"Things":[43],"(IoT)":[44],"ecosystem.":[45],"AI-powered":[46],"wearables":[47],"incorporate":[48],"metrology":[49],"advanced":[51],"computational":[52],"techniques,":[53],"with":[54,127],"Convolutional":[55],"Neural":[56,61],"Network":[57,62],"(CNN)":[58],"Recurrent":[60],"(RNN)":[63],"driving":[64],"applications":[65,81],"activity":[67,97],"recognition,":[68],"health":[69],"monitoring,":[70,98],"personalized":[72,93],"recommendations.":[73],"The":[74],"work":[75],"presents":[76],"case":[77],"studies,":[78],"highlighting":[79],"AI":[80,111],"such":[85],"as":[86],"stress":[87],"detection":[88],"via":[89],"Heart":[90],"Rate":[91],"Variability,":[92],"exercise":[94],"guidance,":[95],"muscular":[96],"real-time":[100],"image":[101],"recognition.":[102],"Real-world":[103],"implementations":[104],"will":[105,119],"illustrate":[106],"practical":[108],"deployment":[109],"commercial":[113],"products.":[115],"Additionally,":[116],"address":[120],"privacy":[121],"data":[123],"security":[124],"challenges":[125],"associated":[126],"AI-driven":[128],"technology,":[130],"ensuring":[131],"safeguarding":[133],"user":[135],"information.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-06-30T13:55:48.251075","created_date":"2025-05-27T00:00:00"}