{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410582016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3572432","title":"System Strength Beyond Fault Level","display_name":"System Strength Beyond Fault Level","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410582016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3572432"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3572432","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3572432","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3572432","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016032941","display_name":"Mehdi Ghazavi Dozein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2574-7082"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mehdi Ghazavi Dozein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2574-7082","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117629934","display_name":"B. Berry","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100254","display_name":"Clinical Insights","ror":"https://ror.org/0168sna55","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100254"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129059","display_name":"The Behavioural Insights Team","ror":"https://ror.org/03mk5b468","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129059"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Berry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Curious Insights, York, U.K","Curious Insights, U. K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Curious Insights, York, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100254"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Curious Insights, U. K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129059"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084361222","display_name":"Jovica V. Milanovi\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0931-137X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jovica V. Milanovi\u0107","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K","University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0931-137X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072219438","display_name":"Pierluigi Mancarella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-1402"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pierluigi Mancarella","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K","University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-1402","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016032941"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.0546,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76417995,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"104184","last_page":"104200"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9679999947547913,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9679999947547913,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.585139811038971}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.585139811038971}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3572432","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3572432","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:07104202880c4c569ad27c4d60492d85","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/07104202880c4c569ad27c4d60492d85","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 104184-104200 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3572432","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3572432","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996669759","https://openalex.org/W2293277594","https://openalex.org/W2483513967","https://openalex.org/W2572220621","https://openalex.org/W2595551762","https://openalex.org/W2765842113","https://openalex.org/W2888916820","https://openalex.org/W2958480258","https://openalex.org/W3134023520","https://openalex.org/W3157071783","https://openalex.org/W3194335738","https://openalex.org/W4206353678","https://openalex.org/W4224237392","https://openalex.org/W4224307185","https://openalex.org/W4243046340","https://openalex.org/W4256422713","https://openalex.org/W4285122491","https://openalex.org/W4288698315","https://openalex.org/W4292212555","https://openalex.org/W4392093423","https://openalex.org/W6779877512","https://openalex.org/W6885096538","https://openalex.org/W6991713256"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"System":[0],"Strength":[1],"(SS)":[2],"is":[3,23,37,124,155],"becoming":[4],"increasingly":[5],"important":[6],"while":[7],"more":[8,10,68,219],"and":[9,61,81,100,104,119,139,167,209,215,245],"inverter-based":[11],"resources":[12],"(IBRs)":[13],"get":[14],"connected":[15],"to":[16,32,38,67,84],"weak":[17],"parts":[18],"of":[19,28,79,95,115,128,136,184,202,230,233],"the":[20,106,109,112,116,129,151,182,193,228],"grid.":[21],"There":[22],"still,":[24],"however,":[25],"a":[26,39,75,92,146,200,212],"level":[27],"ambiguity":[29],"with":[30,54,172,242],"respect":[31],"formal":[33,69],"SS":[34,70,80,117,131,148,152,174,195,223,237],"definition.":[35],"It":[36],"large":[40],"extent":[41],"legacy":[42,121],"from":[43,91],"conventional":[44],"systems":[45],"dominated":[46],"by":[47,126,199,206],"synchronous":[48],"generators,":[49],"often":[50],"only":[51,205],"simplistically":[52],"associated":[53],"fault":[55,207],"level.":[56],"To":[57],"overcome":[58],"these":[59],"issues":[60],"encourage":[62],"discussion":[63],"that":[64,211],"will":[65],"lead":[66],"definition,":[71],"this":[72],"paper":[73,107,144],"proposes":[74,145],"new":[76,147],"inclusive":[77],"concept":[78,118],"technical":[82,88,113],"framework":[83],"clarify":[85],"its":[86,120],"fundamental":[87],"aspects.":[89],"Starting":[90],"comprehensive":[93],"review":[94],"existing":[96],"definitions,":[97],"assessment":[98,135],"metrics,":[99],"observed":[101],"real-life":[102],"challenges":[103],"solutions,":[105],"identifies":[108],"gaps":[110],"between":[111],"fundamentals":[114],"perception.":[122],"This":[123],"followed":[125],"identification":[127],"key":[130],"components":[132],"relevant":[133,173,243],"for":[134],"both":[137],"steady-state":[138],"dynamic":[140],"system":[141],"performance.":[142],"The":[143],"classification":[149],"where":[150],"\"umbrella":[153],"concept\"":[154],"broken":[156],"down":[157],"into":[158],"<italic":[159,163,168],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[160,164,169],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">small-signal</i>":[161],"strength,":[162,166],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">large-signal</i>":[165],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">short-circuit</i>":[170],"strength":[171],"factors,":[175,203],"which":[176],"may":[177,217],"also":[178],"be":[179,197,218],"used":[180],"in":[181,221,224,235],"context":[183],"ancillary":[185],"services":[186],"market":[187],"developments.":[188],"We":[189],"indeed":[190],"highlight":[191],"how":[192],"overall":[194],"can":[196],"influenced":[198],"combination":[201],"not":[204],"level,":[208],"recommend":[210],"\"voltage-behind-an-impedance\"":[213],"parametrization":[214],"model":[216],"effective":[220],"defining":[222],"many":[225],"circumstances.":[226],"Finally,":[227],"capabilities":[229],"different":[231],"types":[232],"IBRs":[234],"providing":[236],"products":[238],"are":[239],"discussed":[240],"along":[241],"complexity":[244],"limitations.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}