{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410428218","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3570785","title":"Development of Bimodal Emotion Recognition System Based on Skin Temperature and Heart Rate Variability Using Hybrid Neural Networks","display_name":"Development of Bimodal Emotion Recognition System Based on Skin Temperature and Heart Rate Variability Using Hybrid Neural Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410428218","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3570785"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3570785","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3570785","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3570785","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001829119","display_name":"Sayat Orynbassar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9124-2560"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185571130","display_name":"Al-Farabi Kazakh National University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q0vrn42","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185571130"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sayat Orynbassar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physics and Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9124-2560","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics and Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185571130"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000054459","display_name":"Duygun Erol Barkana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8929-0459"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141776","display_name":"China XD Group (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04ceqst84","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141776"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Duygun Erol Barkana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Türkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8929-0459","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Türkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141776"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099733678","display_name":"Evan Yershov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2267-0365"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185571130","display_name":"Al-Farabi Kazakh National University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q0vrn42","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185571130"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Evan Yershov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physics and Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics and Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185571130"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060890459","display_name":"Madiyar Nurgaliyev","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6795-5384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185571130","display_name":"Al-Farabi Kazakh National University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q0vrn42","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185571130"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madiyar Nurgaliyev","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physics and Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6795-5384","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics and Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185571130"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086490829","display_name":"Ahmet Saymbetov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3442-8550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185571130","display_name":"Al-Farabi Kazakh National University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q0vrn42","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185571130"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmet Saymbetov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physics and Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3442-8550","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics and Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185571130"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069461279","display_name":"\u0411\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0431\u0435\u043a \u0416\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8206-7425"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185571130","display_name":"Al-Farabi Kazakh National University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q0vrn42","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185571130"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Batyrbek Zholamanov","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physics and Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics and Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185571130"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084669633","display_name":"Gulbakhar Dosymbetova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3935-7213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185571130","display_name":"Al-Farabi Kazakh National University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q0vrn42","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185571130"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gulbakhar Dosymbetova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physics and Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics and Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185571130"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054312913","display_name":"Ainur Kapparova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8348-902X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185571130","display_name":"Al-Farabi Kazakh National University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q0vrn42","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185571130"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ainur Kapparova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physics and Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics and Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185571130"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052741625","display_name":"Nursultan Koshkarbay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2334-3249"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185571130","display_name":"Al-Farabi Kazakh National University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q0vrn42","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185571130"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nursultan Koshkarbay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physics and Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-2334-3249","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics and Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185571130"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060599045","display_name":"Nurzhigit Kuttybay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5723-6642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185571130","display_name":"Al-Farabi Kazakh National University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q0vrn42","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185571130"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nurzhigit Kuttybay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physics and Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5723-6642","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics and Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185571130"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5099733677","display_name":"Askhat Bolatbek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7613-5507"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185571130","display_name":"Al-Farabi Kazakh National University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q0vrn42","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185571130"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Askhat Bolatbek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physics and Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7613-5507","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics and Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185571130"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017304112","display_name":"Kymbat Kopbay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1583-2099"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185571130","display_name":"Al-Farabi Kazakh National University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q0vrn42","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185571130"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kymbat Kopbay","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physics and Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics and Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185571130"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098009004","display_name":"Dinara Almen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8527-4921"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185571130","display_name":"Al-Farabi Kazakh National University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q0vrn42","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185571130"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dinara Almen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Physics and Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8527-4921","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Physics and Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185571130"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":13,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001829119"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185571130"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.7561,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83395908,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"88215","last_page":"88229"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9585000276565552,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12496","display_name":"Color perception and design","score":0.9406999945640564,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6355602741241455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emotion-recognition","display_name":"Emotion recognition","score":0.6342028975486755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5509348511695862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-temperature","display_name":"Skin temperature","score":0.5378313660621643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate-variability","display_name":"Heart rate variability","score":0.5343389511108398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.46802645921707153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4350179135799408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4272821247577667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heart-rate","display_name":"Heart rate","score":0.19067326188087463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomedical-engineering","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","score":0.10957488417625427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10206800699234009}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6355602741241455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777438025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339090","display_name":"Emotion recognition","level":2,"score":0.6342028975486755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5509348511695862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019079563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q67173088","display_name":"Skin temperature","level":2,"score":0.5378313660621643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71635504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q933954","display_name":"Heart rate variability","level":4,"score":0.5343389511108398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.46802645921707153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4350179135799408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4272821247577667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777953023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1073121","display_name":"Heart rate","level":3,"score":0.19067326188087463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10957488417625427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10206800699234009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84393581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82642","display_name":"Blood pressure","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3570785","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3570785","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d8f4f18356f84c8a8735029af5d3e14e","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d8f4f18356f84c8a8735029af5d3e14e","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 88215-88229 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3570785","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3570785","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4032695783","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AP26197509","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322726","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322726","display_name":"Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan","ror":"https://ror.org/03pj6ge82"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1972570464","https://openalex.org/W1983914628","https://openalex.org/W1984842942","https://openalex.org/W2002055708","https://openalex.org/W2019312772","https://openalex.org/W2026243162","https://openalex.org/W2032254851","https://openalex.org/W2069692225","https://openalex.org/W2078671978","https://openalex.org/W2080898270","https://openalex.org/W2091550557","https://openalex.org/W2095233676","https://openalex.org/W2143545157","https://openalex.org/W2143612262","https://openalex.org/W2150906796","https://openalex.org/W2164471542","https://openalex.org/W2295416986","https://openalex.org/W2585658440","https://openalex.org/W2753954923","https://openalex.org/W2762582125","https://openalex.org/W2766630798","https://openalex.org/W2783626310","https://openalex.org/W2796605083","https://openalex.org/W2810737947","https://openalex.org/W2885195348","https://openalex.org/W2946415704","https://openalex.org/W2946526173","https://openalex.org/W2954996726","https://openalex.org/W2961572570","https://openalex.org/W2963608065","https://openalex.org/W2989278094","https://openalex.org/W3001587372","https://openalex.org/W3003908700","https://openalex.org/W3005396609","https://openalex.org/W3016531141","https://openalex.org/W3038863601","https://openalex.org/W3048297990","https://openalex.org/W3084624816","https://openalex.org/W3092028788","https://openalex.org/W3114766298","https://openalex.org/W3115002575","https://openalex.org/W3140854437","https://openalex.org/W3176187724","https://openalex.org/W3177319367","https://openalex.org/W3195126276","https://openalex.org/W3203381531","https://openalex.org/W3205437075","https://openalex.org/W3213342150","https://openalex.org/W3217075389","https://openalex.org/W4223988676","https://openalex.org/W4224282879","https://openalex.org/W4226269723","https://openalex.org/W4250987953","https://openalex.org/W4310460155","https://openalex.org/W4312062097","https://openalex.org/W4313575293","https://openalex.org/W4319978638","https://openalex.org/W4379380020","https://openalex.org/W4386569931","https://openalex.org/W4388087266","https://openalex.org/W4388196657","https://openalex.org/W4388841212","https://openalex.org/W4391128446","https://openalex.org/W4397001319","https://openalex.org/W4400910372","https://openalex.org/W4405232382"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2314914269","https://openalex.org/W3082889039","https://openalex.org/W112050585","https://openalex.org/W2946788172","https://openalex.org/W2889272531","https://openalex.org/W2739867511","https://openalex.org/W3094293500","https://openalex.org/W4241238650","https://openalex.org/W3126677997","https://openalex.org/W1610857240"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Most":[0],"studies":[1],"indicate":[2],"that":[3,22,139],"bimodal":[4,37],"emotion":[5,38,88,174],"recognition":[6,39],"systems":[7,17],"are":[8],"more":[9],"objective":[10],"and":[11,46,83,99,110,126,169],"accurate.":[12],"However,":[13],"many":[14],"of":[15,66,72,134,162],"these":[16,56,73],"depend":[18],"on":[19,42,107],"physiological":[20,57,168],"signals":[21,58,171],"require":[23],"direct":[24,67],"measurement,":[25],"which":[26],"introduces":[27],"certain":[28],"limitations.":[29],"This":[30],"study":[31],"aims":[32],"to":[33,78],"develop":[34],"a":[35,95,100,142],"new":[36],"system":[40],"based":[41],"skin":[43],"temperature":[44],"(SKT)":[45],"heart":[47],"rate":[48],"variability":[49],"(HRV)":[50],"using":[51],"hybrid":[52,91],"neural":[53,92,97],"networks.":[54],"Notably,":[55],"can":[59],"be":[60],"measured":[61],"remotely,":[62],"addressing":[63],"the":[64,76,160,163],"limitations":[65],"measurement":[68],"methods.":[69],"The":[70,90,128,157],"integration":[71],"modalities":[74],"enables":[75],"model":[77,130],"effectively":[79],"utilize":[80],"both":[81],"spatial":[82],"temporal":[84],"features":[85],"for":[86,172],"robust":[87],"classification.":[89],"network,":[93],"combining":[94,167],"convolutional":[96],"network":[98],"gated":[101],"recurrent":[102],"unit":[103],"(CNN+GRU),":[104],"was":[105],"trained":[106,129],"experimental":[108],"SKT":[109],"HRV":[111],"data":[112,144],"collected":[113],"from":[114],"individuals":[115],"experiencing":[116],"basic":[117,155],"emotions":[118],"such":[119],"as":[120],"anger,":[121],"disgust,":[122],"fear,":[123],"happiness,":[124],"sadness,":[125],"surprise.":[127],"achieved":[131],"an":[132],"accuracy":[133,151],"95.58%,":[135],"outperforming":[136],"existing":[137],"approaches":[138],"use":[140],"only":[141],"single":[143],"modality.":[145],"Confusion":[146],"matrix":[147],"analysis":[148],"demonstrated":[149],"high":[150],"in":[152,166],"recognizing":[153],"most":[154],"emotions.":[156],"results":[158],"confirm":[159],"effectiveness":[161],"proposed":[164],"approach":[165],"visual":[170],"improved":[173],"recognition.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}