{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410491676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3570761","title":"A Novel Dense-Swish-CNN With Bi-LSTM Framework for Image Deepfake Detection","display_name":"A Novel Dense-Swish-CNN With Bi-LSTM Framework for Image Deepfake Detection","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410491676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3570761"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3570761","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3570761","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3570761","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028284981","display_name":"B C Soundarya","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. C. Soundarya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Institute of Technology Bengaluru, Manipal, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5935-5285","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Institute of Technology Bengaluru, Manipal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016563002","display_name":"H L Gururaj","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164861460","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/02xzytt36","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"H. L. Gururaj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Institute of Technology Bengaluru, Manipal, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2514-4812","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal Institute of Technology Bengaluru, Manipal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164861460"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.9308,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94177591,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"89641","last_page":"89653"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7952739000320435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.6309430003166199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5677435398101807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.47128385305404663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3932855725288391}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7952739000320435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6309430003166199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5677435398101807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.47128385305404663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3932855725288391}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3570761","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3570761","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:5d7396133b7d489cb896f0a15b995841","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/5d7396133b7d489cb896f0a15b995841","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 89641-89653 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3570761","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3570761","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320318872","display_name":"Manipal Academy of Higher Education","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2301937176","https://openalex.org/W2603123944","https://openalex.org/W2774037436","https://openalex.org/W2891145043","https://openalex.org/W2909336075","https://openalex.org/W2945262873","https://openalex.org/W2963720850","https://openalex.org/W2969222682","https://openalex.org/W3012303644","https://openalex.org/W3024197514","https://openalex.org/W3035063907","https://openalex.org/W3083246145","https://openalex.org/W3089763054","https://openalex.org/W3097669399","https://openalex.org/W3128609017","https://openalex.org/W3131168966","https://openalex.org/W3173581984","https://openalex.org/W3202962373","https://openalex.org/W4210241935","https://openalex.org/W4210572254","https://openalex.org/W4213449918","https://openalex.org/W4223941448","https://openalex.org/W4226455135","https://openalex.org/W4229019234","https://openalex.org/W4281632540","https://openalex.org/W4283528962","https://openalex.org/W4285196891","https://openalex.org/W4285814586","https://openalex.org/W4287758545","https://openalex.org/W4290617287","https://openalex.org/W4311185636","https://openalex.org/W4312758842","https://openalex.org/W4322619939","https://openalex.org/W4323022407","https://openalex.org/W4377705851","https://openalex.org/W4381300935","https://openalex.org/W4382519135","https://openalex.org/W4384824101","https://openalex.org/W4385283689","https://openalex.org/W4389417827","https://openalex.org/W4392386117","https://openalex.org/W4394784221","https://openalex.org/W4394916517","https://openalex.org/W4400222250","https://openalex.org/W4401321800","https://openalex.org/W6762480454","https://openalex.org/W6784810453","https://openalex.org/W6790220185","https://openalex.org/W6869666386"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Artificial":[0],"intelligence":[1],"(AI)":[2],"developments":[3],"have":[4],"revolutionized":[5],"technologies":[6],"and":[7,52,60,97,106,112,144,166],"methodologies,":[8],"particularly":[9],"for":[10,50,87],"malicious":[11],"uses,":[12],"especially":[13],"since":[14],"the":[15,69,113,150,159,168,171],"advent":[16],"of":[17,71,152,161,170],"generative":[18],"adversarial":[19],"networks":[20],"(GANs)":[21],"in":[22],"2014.":[23],"GANs":[24],"can":[25,39,47,56],"fabricate":[26],"media":[27],"streams,":[28],"seamlessly":[29],"blending":[30],"them":[31],"into":[32],"different":[33],"environments.":[34],"Advanced":[35],"machine":[36],"learning":[37,85],"techniques":[38],"also":[40,107],"generate":[41],"highly":[42],"realistic":[43],"deepfake":[44,88,163],"images,":[45],"which":[46],"be":[48],"exploited":[49],"harassment":[51],"blackmail.":[53],"Furthermore,":[54],"deepfakes":[55],"manipulate":[57],"public":[58],"sentiment":[59],"opinions":[61],"about":[62],"individuals":[63],"or":[64],"groups.":[65],"This":[66],"situation":[67],"necessitates":[68],"development":[70],"automated":[72],"methods":[73],"to":[74],"detect":[75],"deepfakes.":[76],"In":[77],"this":[78],"work,":[79],"we":[80,157],"propose":[81],"a":[82],"hybrid":[83,129],"deep":[84],"approach":[86],"face":[89],"detection.":[90],"The":[91],"base":[92],"models":[93],"include":[94],"CNN+Bi-LSTM,":[95],"ResNet34+EfficientNet+Bi-LSTM,":[96],"MobileNet+EfficientNet+Bi-LSTM.":[98],"Initially,":[99],"images":[100],"from":[101,125],"multiple":[102],"sources":[103],"were":[104],"collected":[105],"generated":[108],"using":[109,128],"various":[110],"GANs,":[111],"proposed":[114,154],"Dense-Swish-CNN":[115,172],"with":[116],"Bi-LSTM":[117],"was":[118],"trained.":[119],"Extract":[120],"spatial":[121],"&":[122],"temporal":[123],"information":[124],"input":[126],"samples":[127],"pre-trained":[130],"models.":[131],"We":[132],"evaluated":[133],"our":[134,153,162],"model":[135,173],"on":[136],"challenging":[137],"datasets":[138],"such":[139],"as":[140],"DFDC,":[141],"CelebDF,":[142],"ForgeryNIR,":[143],"UADFV.":[145],"Our":[146],"extensive":[147],"experimentation":[148],"demonstrated":[149],"effectiveness":[151,160],"approach.":[155],"Additionally,":[156],"assessed":[158],"detection":[164],"method":[165],"validated":[167],"explainability":[169],"by":[174],"performing":[175],"cross-dataset":[176],"validation.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}