{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410204248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3568133","title":"Quantized Auto Encoder-Based Anomaly Detection for Multivariate Time Series Data in 5G Networks","display_name":"Quantized Auto Encoder-Based Anomaly Detection for Multivariate Time Series Data in 5G Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410204248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3568133"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3568133","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3568133","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3568133","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088662629","display_name":"Giovanni Trappolini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5515-634X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Trappolini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5515-634X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010418278","display_name":"Antonio Purificato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3933-380X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Purificato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3933-380X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074346581","display_name":"Federico Siciliano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1339-6983"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Federico Siciliano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1339-6983","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117480443","display_name":"Luigi D\u2019Addona","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122991210","display_name":"Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologie dell'Informazione \"Alessandro Faedo\"","ror":"https://ror.org/05kacka20","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122991210","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luigi D\u2019Addona","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istella SpA, Pisa, Italy","istella SpA, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istella SpA, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122991210"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"istella SpA, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Anna Maria Spagnolo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122991210","display_name":"Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologie dell'Informazione \"Alessandro Faedo\"","ror":"https://ror.org/05kacka20","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122991210","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Maria Spagnolo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istella SpA, Pisa, Italy","istella SpA, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istella SpA, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122991210"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"istella SpA, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018075218","display_name":"Domenico Dato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3444-2785"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122991210","display_name":"Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologie dell'Informazione \"Alessandro Faedo\"","ror":"https://ror.org/05kacka20","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122991210","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Domenico Dato","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istella SpA, Pisa, Italy","istella SpA, Pisa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3444-2785","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istella SpA, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122991210"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"istella SpA, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044165871","display_name":"Fabrizio Silvestri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7669-9055"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I861853513","display_name":"Sapienza University of Rome","ror":"https://ror.org/02be6w209","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabrizio Silvestri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7669-9055","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088662629"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I861853513"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":6.4509,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95978788,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"82668","last_page":"82679"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9416000247001648,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.7585059404373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7238538265228271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-statistics","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","score":0.6641943454742432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.6084995269775391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-series","display_name":"Time series","score":0.5719204545021057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.5697913765907288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.48285990953445435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","score":0.46136918663978577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4142727553844452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3770172894001007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.36913472414016724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.32037097215652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2009868025779724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.07673335075378418}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.7585059404373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7238538265228271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.6641943454742432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.6084995269775391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.5719204545021057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.5697913765907288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.48285990953445435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12997251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q567560","display_name":"Anomaly (physics)","level":2,"score":0.46136918663978577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4142727553844452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3770172894001007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36913472414016724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.32037097215652466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2009868025779724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.07673335075378418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3568133","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3568133","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.uniroma1.it:11573/1740109","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11573/1740109","pdf_url":"https://iris.uniroma1.it/bitstream/11573/1740109/1/Trappolini_Quantized-Auto_2025.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196107","display_name":"IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:15f2e70393b14913bfd0782d4c1dbcc2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/15f2e70393b14913bfd0782d4c1dbcc2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 82668-82679 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3568133","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3568133","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2702590088","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PE0000013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331528","funder_display_name":"Ministero dell'Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3309955135","display_name":"5G ExPerimentation Infrastructure hosting Cloud-nativE Network applications for public proTection and disaster RElief","funder_award_id":"101016521","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7842005466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon 2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311265","display_name":"Universidad de M\u00e1laga","ror":"https://ror.org/036b2ww28"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331528","display_name":"Ministero dell'Universit\u00e0 e della Ricerca","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1788497923","https://openalex.org/W1996773330","https://openalex.org/W2117014758","https://openalex.org/W2127979711","https://openalex.org/W2136922672","https://openalex.org/W2162174678","https://openalex.org/W2587515641","https://openalex.org/W2752796333","https://openalex.org/W2792054443","https://openalex.org/W2906498146","https://openalex.org/W2911200746","https://openalex.org/W2914570111","https://openalex.org/W2987793235","https://openalex.org/W2996108213","https://openalex.org/W3006943693","https://openalex.org/W3015959599","https://openalex.org/W3040266635","https://openalex.org/W3081497074","https://openalex.org/W3086419524","https://openalex.org/W3152507776","https://openalex.org/W3164952570","https://openalex.org/W3196498627","https://openalex.org/W3197057534","https://openalex.org/W3198381997","https://openalex.org/W4253461361","https://openalex.org/W4285817569","https://openalex.org/W4290948310","https://openalex.org/W4328022249","https://openalex.org/W4375868925","https://openalex.org/W4382203295","https://openalex.org/W4394897081","https://openalex.org/W4396757510","https://openalex.org/W4399887912","https://openalex.org/W4402056503","https://openalex.org/W6748102297","https://openalex.org/W6858519528","https://openalex.org/W6872675962"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2806741695","https://openalex.org/W4290647774","https://openalex.org/W3189286258","https://openalex.org/W3207797160","https://openalex.org/W3210364259","https://openalex.org/W4300558037","https://openalex.org/W2667207928","https://openalex.org/W2912112202","https://openalex.org/W4377864969","https://openalex.org/W3120251014"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1],"arrival":[2],"of":[3,64,90,113],"5G":[4,37,94],"technology,":[5],"networks":[6,38],"face":[7],"critical":[8],"challenges":[9],"in":[10,36,81,103],"detecting":[11],"anomalies":[12],"that":[13,48,61,75],"can":[14],"significantly":[15],"impact":[16],"performance":[17],"and":[18,67,70,101],"reliability.":[19],"This":[20],"paper":[21],"introduces":[22],"QAED":[23],"(Quantized":[24],"Auto":[25],"Encoder":[26],"Detector),":[27],"a":[28,44,55,82,87],"novel":[29],"deep":[30],"learning":[31],"approach":[32],"for":[33],"anomaly":[34,104],"detection":[35,63,105],"with":[39,111],"three":[40],"key":[41],"innovations:":[42],"(1)":[43],"vector":[45],"quantization":[46],"mechanism":[47],"effectively":[49],"captures":[50],"discrete":[51],"network":[52],"states,":[53],"(2)":[54],"kernel":[56],"density":[57],"estimation":[58],"preprocessing":[59],"step":[60],"enables":[62],"both":[65],"outliers":[66],"distribution":[68],"shifts,":[69],"(3)":[71],"an":[72],"integrated":[73],"architecture":[74],"processes":[76],"multivariate":[77],"time":[78],"series":[79],"data":[80,95],"unified":[83],"framework.":[84],"We":[85],"provide":[86],"detailed":[88],"evaluation":[89],"our":[91],"model":[92],"across":[93],"scenarios,":[96],"demonstrating":[97],"its":[98],"enhanced":[99],"accuracy":[100],"efficiency":[102],"compared":[106],"to":[107,115],"existing":[108],"state-of-the-art":[109],"methods,":[110],"gains":[112],"up":[114],"8%.":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-27T08:22:11.395708","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
