{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410226676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3568085","title":"Extensive Numerical Analysis of PDF Parameters for Wind Energy in Brazil: A Study Across 27 Cities for 60 Years Wind Speed","display_name":"Extensive Numerical Analysis of PDF Parameters for Wind Energy in Brazil: A Study Across 27 Cities for 60 Years Wind Speed","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410226676","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3568085"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3568085","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3568085","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3568085","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070293612","display_name":"Ahmed Badawi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9078-0690"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105992","display_name":"Qatar Science and Technology Park","ror":"https://ror.org/01gshyb58","country_code":"QA","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105992"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Badawi","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering Technology, University of Doha for Science and Technology, Doha, Qatar","University of Doha for Science and Technology, College of Engineering Technology, Qatar"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering Technology, University of Doha for Science and Technology, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105992"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Doha for Science and Technology, College of Engineering Technology, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063451699","display_name":"Amaury de Souza","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8168-1482"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122558511","display_name":"Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul","ror":"https://ror.org/0366d2847","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122558511"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amaury Souza","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil","Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122558511"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122558511"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059230080","display_name":"I. M. Elzein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7949-209X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105992","display_name":"Qatar Science and Technology Park","ror":"https://ror.org/01gshyb58","country_code":"QA","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105992"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. M. Elzein","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering Technology, University of Doha for Science and Technology, Doha, Qatar","University of Doha for Science and Technology, College of Engineering Technology, Qatar"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering Technology, University of Doha for Science and Technology, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105992"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Doha for Science and Technology, College of Engineering Technology, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070016967","display_name":"Hassan Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6230-3352"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105992","display_name":"Qatar Science and Technology Park","ror":"https://ror.org/01gshyb58","country_code":"QA","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210105992"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hassan Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering Technology, University of Doha for Science and Technology, Doha, Qatar","University of Doha for Science and Technology, College of Engineering Technology, Qatar"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering Technology, University of Doha for Science and Technology, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105992"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Doha for Science and Technology, College of Engineering Technology, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105992"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047289078","display_name":"Alhareth Zyoud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1165-3192"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94800806","display_name":"Birzeit University","ror":"https://ror.org/0256kw398","country_code":"PS","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94800806"]}],"countries":["PS"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alhareth Zyoud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Birzeit University, Ramallah, Palestine","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Birzeit University, Birzeit, Ramallah, Palestine"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Birzeit University, Ramallah, Palestine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94800806"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Birzeit University, Birzeit, Ramallah, Palestine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94800806"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5070293612"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105992"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.13277975,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"84555","last_page":"84568"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10680","display_name":"Wind Energy Research and Development","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10680","display_name":"Wind Energy Research and Development","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.9478999972343445,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11276","display_name":"Solar Radiation and Photovoltaics","score":0.9470999836921692,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power","display_name":"Wind power","score":0.7115252614021301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-speed","display_name":"Wind speed","score":0.6205511093139648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.5208773612976074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4210909903049469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.38414567708969116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.20245996117591858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1372404396533966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1019810140132904}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.7115252614021301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161067210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464943","display_name":"Wind speed","level":2,"score":0.6205511093139648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.5208773612976074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4210909903049469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.38414567708969116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.20245996117591858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1372404396533966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1019810140132904}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3568085","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3568085","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:4f100f4243a04b1faf7261099b9c67f6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/4f100f4243a04b1faf7261099b9c67f6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 84555-84568 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/30528794","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal contribution"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3568085","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3568085","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W180836830","https://openalex.org/W629046227","https://openalex.org/W997099917","https://openalex.org/W1867005924","https://openalex.org/W1933871824","https://openalex.org/W1964342496","https://openalex.org/W1964347089","https://openalex.org/W1974148806","https://openalex.org/W1976741468","https://openalex.org/W1979251950","https://openalex.org/W1983747665","https://openalex.org/W1991577942","https://openalex.org/W1996867411","https://openalex.org/W2005711284","https://openalex.org/W2007734382","https://openalex.org/W2009307807","https://openalex.org/W2035217890","https://openalex.org/W2037460094","https://openalex.org/W2038789841","https://openalex.org/W2047225421","https://openalex.org/W2048725308","https://openalex.org/W2051921182","https://openalex.org/W2054659065","https://openalex.org/W2063562206","https://openalex.org/W2064406852","https://openalex.org/W2066552072","https://openalex.org/W2070951738","https://openalex.org/W2084028390","https://openalex.org/W2086213414","https://openalex.org/W2090687437","https://openalex.org/W2092339122","https://openalex.org/W2101266825","https://openalex.org/W2113459239","https://openalex.org/W2135996616","https://openalex.org/W2165449016","https://openalex.org/W2174666931","https://openalex.org/W2178104866","https://openalex.org/W2179417658","https://openalex.org/W2182888268","https://openalex.org/W2287448331","https://openalex.org/W2489793074","https://openalex.org/W2508940011","https://openalex.org/W2547582578","https://openalex.org/W2553261477","https://openalex.org/W2562524060","https://openalex.org/W2608414572","https://openalex.org/W2789931430","https://openalex.org/W2804185167","https://openalex.org/W2804330095","https://openalex.org/W2894038363","https://openalex.org/W2945102769","https://openalex.org/W2953390827","https://openalex.org/W2958341995","https://openalex.org/W2977178689","https://openalex.org/W2982311152","https://openalex.org/W2989854139","https://openalex.org/W3018704584","https://openalex.org/W3047389539","https://openalex.org/W3088333646","https://openalex.org/W3135379877","https://openalex.org/W3135582409","https://openalex.org/W3173669127","https://openalex.org/W3211396188","https://openalex.org/W3213733890","https://openalex.org/W4213275066","https://openalex.org/W4213376525","https://openalex.org/W4245436919","https://openalex.org/W4247236552","https://openalex.org/W4304690402","https://openalex.org/W4304690694","https://openalex.org/W4310011890","https://openalex.org/W4310235068","https://openalex.org/W4319459130","https://openalex.org/W4404325640","https://openalex.org/W6634252826","https://openalex.org/W6771782442"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4380482219","https://openalex.org/W4377969695","https://openalex.org/W4312678308","https://openalex.org/W2348064372","https://openalex.org/W4283017276","https://openalex.org/W2018410291"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,230],"research":[1],"conducts":[2],"a":[3,182,190,197,242],"comprehensive":[4],"numerical":[5,66],"assessment":[6],"of":[7,16,64,77,130,186,193,223,249],"wind":[8,17,33,60,225,236,250],"energy":[9,228,237],"potential":[10,219],"across":[11],"Brazil,":[12,240],"leveraging":[13],"six":[14],"decades":[15],"speed":[18],"data":[19],"collected":[20],"from":[21],"27":[22],"cities":[23],"to":[24,56,114],"analyze":[25],"Probability":[26],"Density":[27],"Function":[28],"(PDF)":[29],"parameters":[30],"and":[31,50,68,106,148,170,174,189,252],"enhance":[32],"resource":[34],"mapping.":[35],"The":[36,155,179,201],"study":[37,231],"employs":[38],"the":[39,71,128,161,218,247],"Weibull":[40],"distribution,":[41],"defined":[42],"by":[43,166],"its":[44],"shape":[45,191],"factor":[46,52,184,192],"<italic":[47,53],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[48,54,141],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">k</i>":[49],"scale":[51,183],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">c</i>,":[55],"represent":[57],"variations":[58],"in":[59,196,239],"speed.":[61],"A":[62],"total":[63],"nine":[65],"practices":[67],"methods":[69],"including":[70],"Maximum":[72,88,94],"Likelihood":[73,89,95],"Method":[74,76,81,85,90,96,99,104,110],"(MLM),":[75],"Moments":[78],"(MM),":[79],"Empirical":[80],"(EM),":[82],"Standard":[83],"Deviation":[84],"(STDM),":[86],"Modified":[87,93],"(MMLM),":[91],"Second":[92],"(SMMLM),":[97],"Graphical":[98],"(GM),":[100],"Least":[101],"Mean":[102,134,143,151,202],"Square":[103,135,152],"(LSM),":[105],"Energy":[107],"Pattern":[108],"Factor":[109],"(EPF)":[111],"were":[112],"utilized":[113],"achieve":[115],"optimal":[116],"parameter":[117],"estimation.":[118],"Statistical":[119],"analysis":[120,180],"was":[121,160,206],"performed":[122],"using":[123],"various":[124],"metrics":[125],"such":[126],"as":[127,215],"Index":[129],"Agreement":[131],"(IA),":[132],"Root":[133,150],"Error":[136,146,153],"(RMSE),":[137],"Chi-square":[138],"test":[139],"(\ud835\udf12<sup":[140],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>),":[142],"Absolute":[144],"Percentage":[145],"(MAPE),":[147],"Relative":[149],"(RRMSE).":[154],"findings":[156],"indicated":[157],"that":[158],"MLM":[159],"most":[162],"precise":[163],"method,":[164],"followed":[165],"STDM,":[167],"EM,":[168],"MM,":[169],"EPF,":[171],"while":[172],"GM":[173],"LSM":[175],"demonstrated":[176],"lower":[177],"effectiveness.":[178],"determined":[181],"range":[185],"2.17-2.36":[187],"m/s":[188],"2.5-2.78,":[194],"resulting":[195],"bell-shaped":[198],"Gaussian":[199],"PDF.":[200],"Wind":[203],"Speed":[204],"(MWS)":[205],"recorded":[207],"at":[208],"2.06":[209],"m/s,":[210],"which,":[211],"despite":[212],"being":[213],"categorized":[214],"low,":[216],"indicates":[217],"for":[220,227,235,245],"effective":[221],"deployment":[222],"small-scale":[224],"turbines":[226,251],"production.":[229],"offers":[232],"significant":[233],"insights":[234],"development":[238],"presenting":[241],"methodological":[243],"approach":[244],"optimizing":[246],"placement":[248],"minimizing":[253],"electricity":[254],"generation":[255],"costs.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}