{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409985175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3565274","title":"Monitoring 5G Backhaul: An In-Band Telemetry Approach for Quality of Service","display_name":"Monitoring 5G Backhaul: An In-Band Telemetry Approach for Quality of Service","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409985175","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3565274"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3565274","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3565274","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3565274","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050393378","display_name":"Eurico Dias","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3465-3942"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eurico Dias","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3465-3942","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110474017","display_name":"Duarte Raposo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Duarte Raposo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5621-7194","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021551324","display_name":"Miguel Lu\u00eds","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3488-2462"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel Lu\u00eds","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3488-2462","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027601223","display_name":"Pedro Rito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1151-9268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Rito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1151-9268","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008921007","display_name":"Susana Sargento","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8761-8281"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120471","display_name":"Instituto de Telecomunica\u00e7\u00f5es","ror":"https://ror.org/02ht4fk33","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susana Sargento","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8761-8281","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Telecomunicações, Aveiro, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120471"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.9253,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74247344,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"77990","last_page":"78006"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telemetry","display_name":"Telemetry","score":0.711969792842865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backhaul","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","score":0.6941475868225098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6220890283584595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.4107096791267395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.40708065032958984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.40459680557250977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.17373141646385193}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183121708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209867","display_name":"Telemetry","level":2,"score":0.711969792842865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103760667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798444","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","level":3,"score":0.6941475868225098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6220890283584595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.4107096791267395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.40708065032958984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.40459680557250977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.17373141646385193}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3565274","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3565274","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:e802c867fb99469b8abe6b81589e7cd6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/e802c867fb99469b8abe6b81589e7cd6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 77990-78006 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3565274","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3565274","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1481792098","https://openalex.org/W1974015500","https://openalex.org/W1994926493","https://openalex.org/W2017524370","https://openalex.org/W2041008854","https://openalex.org/W2042494736","https://openalex.org/W2288632536","https://openalex.org/W2397911472","https://openalex.org/W2505603199","https://openalex.org/W2519702598","https://openalex.org/W2886003606","https://openalex.org/W2945806096","https://openalex.org/W2959277307","https://openalex.org/W2971791412","https://openalex.org/W2999289044","https://openalex.org/W3004098417","https://openalex.org/W3012214835","https://openalex.org/W3036639796","https://openalex.org/W3111816308","https://openalex.org/W3115478688","https://openalex.org/W3127221738","https://openalex.org/W3173579622","https://openalex.org/W3208033258","https://openalex.org/W4240208532","https://openalex.org/W4281393229","https://openalex.org/W4285167209","https://openalex.org/W4292406415","https://openalex.org/W4300945730","https://openalex.org/W4315631905","https://openalex.org/W4322765170","https://openalex.org/W4361760437","https://openalex.org/W4385329455","https://openalex.org/W4385478115","https://openalex.org/W4392858312"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2765089333","https://openalex.org/W2070863773","https://openalex.org/W4212896802","https://openalex.org/W4297311468","https://openalex.org/W2503337970","https://openalex.org/W2056771637","https://openalex.org/W2963440157","https://openalex.org/W748047311","https://openalex.org/W2359918844","https://openalex.org/W4298110012"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,40,61,181,204],"use":[1],"of":[2,14,28,54,63,84,117,127,201,211,223],"Ultra-Dense":[3],"Networks":[4],"within":[5],"5G":[6,82,102,152],"communications":[7],"can":[8],"be":[9],"leveraged":[10],"by":[11,160],"the":[12,19,29,57,157,161,193],"adoption":[13],"Millimeter-Wave":[15],"(mmWave)":[16],"technology":[17],"for":[18,70,143],"backhaul,":[20],"resulting":[21],"in":[22,100,171],"cost":[23],"reductions":[24],"and":[25,38,47,93,96,122,129,137,151,196],"faster":[26],"deployment":[27],"infrastructure.":[30],"However,":[31],"this":[32,185],"shift":[33],"also":[34],"introduces":[35],"new":[36],"concerns":[37],"restrictions.":[39],"wireless":[41,103],"link":[42,48,58,72,136],"susceptibility":[43],"to":[44,52,90,165],"signal":[45],"strength":[46],"loss":[49,53],"degradation,":[50],"due":[51],"line-of-sight,":[55],"makes":[56],"quality":[59,73,98,140],"inconsistent.":[60],"heterogeneity":[62],"network":[64,78,168],"nodes":[65],"poses":[66],"an":[67,111,123,172,176,207],"additional":[68],"challenge":[69],"tracking":[71],"changes":[74],"reliably.":[75],"An":[76],"effective":[77],"monitoring":[79],"system":[80],"using":[81],"Quality":[83],"Service":[85],"(QoS)":[86],"Indicators":[87],"is":[88],"necessary":[89],"correctly":[91],"characterize":[92],"track":[94],"channel":[95],"flow":[97,139],"conditions":[99],"a":[101,118,166,216],"backhaul.":[104],"To":[105],"tackle":[106],"these":[107],"challenges,":[108],"we":[109],"introduce":[110],"In-Band":[112],"Telemetry":[113],"(INT)":[114],"approach,":[115],"consisting":[116],"P4-compatible":[119],"dataplane":[120],"model":[121],"aggregation":[124,218],"agent":[125],"capable":[126],"gathering":[128],"processing":[130,219],"per-packet":[131],"measurements,":[132],"exposing":[133],"them":[134],"as":[135],"QoS":[138],"metrics,":[141],"suitable":[142],"integration":[144],"with":[145,175],"Software":[146],"Defined":[147],"Network":[148],"(SDN)":[149],"environments":[150],"networks.":[153],"Our":[154],"study":[155],"compares":[156],"accuracy":[158],"achieved":[159],"proposed":[162],"in-band":[163],"solution":[164,205],"commercial":[167],"management":[169],"system,":[170],"outdoor":[173],"test-bed":[174],"obstructed":[177],"mmWave":[178,202],"backhaul":[179],"link.":[180],"results":[182],"demonstrate":[183],"that":[184],"approach":[186],"exhibits":[187],"minimal":[188],"measurement":[189],"errors":[190],"when":[191],"assessing":[192],"throughput,":[194],"latency,":[195],"Packet":[197],"Error":[198],"Rate":[199],"(PER)":[200],"links.":[203],"attains":[206],"average":[208],"forwarding":[209],"overhead":[210],"approximately":[212],"17%,":[213],"while":[214],"maintaining":[215],"per-node":[217],"total":[220],"time":[221],"upper-bound":[222],"45ms":[224],"at":[225],"2.5Gbps":[226],"line":[227],"rate.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}