{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409882933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3564593","title":"Design and Investigation of Permanent Magnet Traction Machine With Non-Uniform Air Gap for High-Speed Trains","display_name":"Design and Investigation of Permanent Magnet Traction Machine With Non-Uniform Air Gap for High-Speed Trains","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409882933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3564593"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3564593","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3564593","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3564593","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101938855","display_name":"Weiye Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8745-9441"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196699116","display_name":"Wuhan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fe7t173","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiye Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002227729","display_name":"Gangyan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3808-7282"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196699116","display_name":"Wuhan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fe7t173","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gangyan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3808-7282","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035119688","display_name":"Yi Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6147-7345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196699116","display_name":"Wuhan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fe7t173","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinglu Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072763681","display_name":"Yu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2762-2988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126257","display_name":"CRRC (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/033g21894","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126257"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Motor Design Department, CRRC Zhuzhou Institute Company Ltd., Zhuzhou, China","Motor Design Department, CRRC Zhuzhou Institute CO., LTD, Zhuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Motor Design Department, CRRC Zhuzhou Institute Company Ltd., Zhuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126257"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Motor Design Department, CRRC Zhuzhou Institute CO., LTD, Zhuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076207682","display_name":"Jun Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4740-5457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126257","display_name":"CRRC (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/033g21894","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126257"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Motor Design Department, CRRC Zhuzhou Institute Company Ltd., Zhuzhou, China","Motor Design Department, CRRC Zhuzhou Institute CO., LTD, Zhuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Motor Design Department, CRRC Zhuzhou Institute Company Ltd., Zhuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126257"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Motor Design Department, CRRC Zhuzhou Institute CO., LTD, Zhuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126257"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113943617","display_name":"Jun Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196699116","display_name":"Wuhan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fe7t173","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054556782","display_name":"Ao Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5869-3597"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196699116","display_name":"Wuhan University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03fe7t173","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ao Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5869-3597","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196699116"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052658094","display_name":"Mingjie He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0041-541X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126257","display_name":"CRRC (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/033g21894","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210126257"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingjie He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Motor Design Department, CRRC Zhuzhou Institute Company Ltd., Zhuzhou, China","Motor Design Department, CRRC Zhuzhou Institute CO., LTD, Zhuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0041-541X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Motor Design Department, CRRC Zhuzhou Institute Company Ltd., Zhuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126257"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Motor Design Department, CRRC Zhuzhou Institute CO., LTD, Zhuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210126257"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.5352,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65186972,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"81794","last_page":"81802"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10278","display_name":"Electric Motor Design and Analysis","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11602","display_name":"Magnetic Bearings and Levitation Dynamics","score":0.9850000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10504","display_name":"Sensorless Control of Electric Motors","score":0.9732000231742859,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traction","display_name":"Traction (geology)","score":0.6878648996353149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnet","display_name":"Magnet","score":0.6819981932640076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/train","display_name":"Train","score":0.6698967218399048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-gap","display_name":"Air gap (plumbing)","score":0.601327657699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.48570355772972107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.48284274339675903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traction-motor","display_name":"Traction motor","score":0.42938125133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.3096037805080414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.22799113392829895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21857184171676636}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38834483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17000223","display_name":"Traction (geology)","level":2,"score":0.6878648996353149},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16389437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11421","display_name":"Magnet","level":2,"score":0.6819981932640076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190839683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2448197","display_name":"Train","level":2,"score":0.6698967218399048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50587689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4698328","display_name":"Air gap (plumbing)","level":2,"score":0.601327657699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.48570355772972107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48284274339675903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136269787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1392476","display_name":"Traction motor","level":2,"score":0.42938125133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3096037805080414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.22799113392829895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21857184171676636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3564593","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3564593","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:14f034cc79c7420c97f8c8b5c82a5f95","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/14f034cc79c7420c97f8c8b5c82a5f95","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 81794-81802 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3564593","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3564593","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1831726815","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFB3507503","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327808","funder_display_name":"Yunnan Key Research and Development Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4708286289","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022GK2062","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336596","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Sichuan Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327808","display_name":"Yunnan Key Research and Development Program","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336596","display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Sichuan Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2030516208","https://openalex.org/W2064483571","https://openalex.org/W2069226588","https://openalex.org/W2098779275","https://openalex.org/W2100242294","https://openalex.org/W2145792826","https://openalex.org/W2529329384","https://openalex.org/W2561210789","https://openalex.org/W2578933567","https://openalex.org/W2896971854","https://openalex.org/W2898526239","https://openalex.org/W2899310700","https://openalex.org/W2994697138","https://openalex.org/W3134440231","https://openalex.org/W3164733998","https://openalex.org/W4200402745","https://openalex.org/W4403146897"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977498879","https://openalex.org/W4233262433","https://openalex.org/W2076928487","https://openalex.org/W2766747664","https://openalex.org/W2383559070","https://openalex.org/W1995984992","https://openalex.org/W4377972159","https://openalex.org/W2091023700","https://openalex.org/W4255955294","https://openalex.org/W2597946570"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"has":[2],"proposed":[3,33,79,115,153,173,186],"a":[4,169],"novel":[5],"rotor":[6,82,116,194],"topology":[7,76],"with":[8,26,38,99,117,156,191,204],"non-uniform":[9,39,80,118,157,192],"air":[10,40,119,158],"gap":[11,41,120,159],"of":[12,22,47,59,77,90,109,113,151,171,200],"permanent":[13,34,187],"magnet":[14,35,188],"traction":[15,36,92,154,174,189],"machine":[16,37,93,155,175,190],"to":[17],"meet":[18,197],"the":[19,45,56,71,74,78,86,91,107,114,122,139,152,165,172,185,198],"special":[20],"requirements":[21,199],"high-speed":[23,52,96,201],"rail":[24,97,202],"train":[25,98,203],"speed":[27,100,205],"higher":[28],"than":[29,102],"400":[30,207],"km/h.":[31,208],"The":[32],"could":[42,66,196],"effectively":[43],"suppress":[44],"distortion":[46],"air-gap":[48,60,81,193],"magnetic":[49,61],"field":[50,62],"under":[51],"operation":[53],"region.":[54],"Thus,":[55],"harmonic":[57],"components":[58],"and":[63,69,85,134,149,178],"iron-core":[64],"loss":[65],"be":[67],"reduced,":[68],"improve":[70],"efficiency.":[72],"Firstly,":[73],"basic":[75],"is":[83,136,176],"studied":[84],"main":[87,110],"design":[88,111],"parameters":[89,112],"used":[94],"for":[95],"over":[101],"400km/h":[103],"are":[104,160],"analyzed.":[105,137],"Secondly,":[106],"influence":[108],"on":[121,164],"key":[123],"electromagnetic":[124],"characteristics":[125],"such":[126],"as":[127],"no-load":[128,140],"characteristics,":[129,132],"rated":[130,145],"operating":[131],"losses,":[133,147],"efficiency":[135,148],"Then,":[138],"back":[141],"electromotive":[142],"force":[143],"(EMF),":[144],"torque,":[146],"inductance":[150],"comprehensively":[161],"analyzed":[162],"based":[163],"optimized":[166],"structure.":[167],"Finally,":[168],"prototype":[170],"developed":[177],"verified":[179],"by":[180],"experiments.":[181],"It":[182],"indicates":[183],"that":[184],"structure":[195],"exceeding":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
