{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409761811","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3564123","title":"Transforming Classical Hydropower Generation for Flexibility in the Global Energy Transition: Challenges, Requirements, and Prospects","display_name":"Transforming Classical Hydropower Generation for Flexibility in the Global Energy Transition: Challenges, Requirements, and Prospects","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409761811","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3564123"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3564123","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3564123","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3564123","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022493760","display_name":"Yannick Cyiza Karekezi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8210-0723"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165043","display_name":"ABB (Norway)","ror":"https://ror.org/05qjkay50","country_code":"NO","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165043","https://openalex.org/I885143765"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yannick Cyiza Karekezi","raw_affiliation_strings":["ABB AS, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ABB AS, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165043"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075638821","display_name":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Maurer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0363-5218"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801380234","display_name":"University of South-Eastern Norway","ror":"https://ror.org/05ecg5h20","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801380234"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frederic Maurer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology and Cybernetics, University of South-Eastern Norway (USN), Porsgrunn, Norway","Department of Electrical engineering, Information Technology and Cybernetics, University of South-Eastern Norway (USN), Porsgrunn, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0363-5218","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology and Cybernetics, University of South-Eastern Norway (USN), Porsgrunn, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801380234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical engineering, Information Technology and Cybernetics, University of South-Eastern Norway (USN), Porsgrunn, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801380234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030621355","display_name":"Dany Josue Tome-Robles","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9247-7943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801380234","display_name":"University of South-Eastern Norway","ror":"https://ror.org/05ecg5h20","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801380234"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dany Josue Tome Robles","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology and Cybernetics, University of South-Eastern Norway (USN), Porsgrunn, Norway","Department of Electrical engineering, Information Technology and Cybernetics, University of South-Eastern Norway (USN), Porsgrunn, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology and Cybernetics, University of South-Eastern Norway (USN), Porsgrunn, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801380234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical engineering, Information Technology and Cybernetics, University of South-Eastern Norway (USN), Porsgrunn, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801380234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082363088","display_name":"Thomas \u00d8yvang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2970-7598"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801380234","display_name":"University of South-Eastern Norway","ror":"https://ror.org/05ecg5h20","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801380234"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas \u00d8yvang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology and Cybernetics, University of South-Eastern Norway (USN), Porsgrunn, Norway","Department of Electrical engineering, Information Technology and Cybernetics, University of South-Eastern Norway (USN), Porsgrunn, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2970-7598","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Information Technology and Cybernetics, University of South-Eastern Norway (USN), Porsgrunn, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801380234"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical engineering, Information Technology and Cybernetics, University of South-Eastern Norway (USN), Porsgrunn, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801380234"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022106157","display_name":"Jonas Kristiansen N\u00f8land","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3656-1032"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801380234","display_name":"University of South-Eastern Norway","ror":"https://ror.org/05ecg5h20","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801380234"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonas Kristiansen N\u00f8land","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electric Energy (IEL), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway","Department of Electrical engineering, Information Technology and Cybernetics, University of South-Eastern Norway (USN), Porsgrunn, Norway"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3656-1032","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electric Energy (IEL), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical engineering, Information Technology and Cybernetics, University of South-Eastern Norway (USN), Porsgrunn, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801380234"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.5124,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91861598,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"74762","last_page":"74780"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12724","display_name":"Water-Energy-Food Nexus Studies","score":0.8154000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12724","display_name":"Water-Energy-Food Nexus Studies","score":0.8154000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11202","display_name":"Cavitation Phenomena in Pumps","score":0.791700005531311,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydropower","display_name":"Hydropower","score":0.741229772567749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.645861029624939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5234631896018982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-transition","display_name":"Energy transition","score":0.5146668553352356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.3829747140407562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.3261450529098511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1567685306072235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.15616673231124878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.12992113828659058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.09351897239685059}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40675005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170196","display_name":"Hydropower","level":2,"score":0.741229772567749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.645861029624939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5234631896018982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777890234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q795757","display_name":"Energy transition","level":4,"score":0.5146668553352356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.3829747140407562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3261450529098511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1567685306072235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.15616673231124878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.12992113828659058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.09351897239685059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26993612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910154","display_name":"Panacea (medicine)","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3564123","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3564123","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:dc7161d4fefe4de8b4c19504e5761e18","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/dc7161d4fefe4de8b4c19504e5761e18","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 74762-74780 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3564123","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3564123","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3449386290","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"326673","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","funder_display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323299","display_name":"Norges Forskningsr\u00e5d","ror":"https://ror.org/00epmv149"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1719403846","https://openalex.org/W1964930406","https://openalex.org/W1993303182","https://openalex.org/W2061107999","https://openalex.org/W2063866856","https://openalex.org/W2066329667","https://openalex.org/W2096486666","https://openalex.org/W2097535806","https://openalex.org/W2098465888","https://openalex.org/W2112187543","https://openalex.org/W2112497712","https://openalex.org/W2127355872","https://openalex.org/W2147337865","https://openalex.org/W2155556726","https://openalex.org/W2414570229","https://openalex.org/W2546515540","https://openalex.org/W2548420357","https://openalex.org/W2558721196","https://openalex.org/W2609684403","https://openalex.org/W2612766015","https://openalex.org/W2727982146","https://openalex.org/W2760808418","https://openalex.org/W2780141061","https://openalex.org/W2786776441","https://openalex.org/W2803209311","https://openalex.org/W2809823969","https://openalex.org/W2896648467","https://openalex.org/W2906125261","https://openalex.org/W2913772818","https://openalex.org/W2965014778","https://openalex.org/W2966205881","https://openalex.org/W2976511023","https://openalex.org/W2978394879","https://openalex.org/W2995626708","https://openalex.org/W3007130652","https://openalex.org/W3017382041","https://openalex.org/W3043929103","https://openalex.org/W3080996852","https://openalex.org/W3087517323","https://openalex.org/W3091904677","https://openalex.org/W3111200497","https://openalex.org/W3118545117","https://openalex.org/W3120910261","https://openalex.org/W3132911331","https://openalex.org/W3162536946","https://openalex.org/W3168486317","https://openalex.org/W3190009115","https://openalex.org/W3197397888","https://openalex.org/W3202085063","https://openalex.org/W3202643036","https://openalex.org/W4205453496","https://openalex.org/W4207066438","https://openalex.org/W4211197894","https://openalex.org/W4225973671","https://openalex.org/W4234789710","https://openalex.org/W4280557745","https://openalex.org/W4281646474","https://openalex.org/W4283013541","https://openalex.org/W4289656055","https://openalex.org/W4308480060","https://openalex.org/W4312284388","https://openalex.org/W4362466125","https://openalex.org/W4366957371","https://openalex.org/W4367280447","https://openalex.org/W4386524041","https://openalex.org/W4389753350","https://openalex.org/W4396851817","https://openalex.org/W4399699796","https://openalex.org/W4403395498","https://openalex.org/W6700611295","https://openalex.org/W6752358121","https://openalex.org/W6755496801","https://openalex.org/W6796111176","https://openalex.org/W6808613209","https://openalex.org/W6872855599","https://openalex.org/W6887418424","https://openalex.org/W7000017389"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2616259412","https://openalex.org/W4379984126","https://openalex.org/W2370970070","https://openalex.org/W2538191543","https://openalex.org/W2164519911","https://openalex.org/W2892067068","https://openalex.org/W2604696140","https://openalex.org/W2084010461","https://openalex.org/W2387489760","https://openalex.org/W2355678316"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,37,70],"review":[1,38],"article":[2,39],"covers":[3],"the":[4,29,41,98,101,166],"multidisciplinary":[5],"challenges":[6,129],"shaping":[7],"hydropower":[8,16,111,124],"development":[9],"within":[10],"a":[11,174],"broader":[12],"energy":[13,34,62],"transition.":[14],"Classical":[15],"generation":[17],"facilities":[18],"are":[19],"moving":[20],"toward":[21],"flexible":[22,102],"operations":[23],"to":[24,26,89,116,144,157,165],"adapt":[25],"and":[27,53,65,68,84,141],"facilitate":[28],"integration":[30],"of":[31,46,100,155,169],"variable":[32],"renewable":[33],"sources":[35],"(VRES).":[36],"explores":[40],"paradigm":[42],"shift":[43],"in":[44,76,161,173],"terms":[45],"machine":[47,86],"design":[48],"considerations,":[49],"power":[50,93,103,139,171,176],"plant":[51,94],"operation,":[52],"grid":[54,134],"regulator":[55],"implications.":[56],"Machine":[57],"designers,":[58],"consider":[59,97],"magnetic":[60],"saturation,":[61],"efficiency":[63],"estimation,":[64],"mechanical":[66],"wear":[67],"tear.":[69],"could":[71,151],"involve,":[72],"high":[73],"flux":[74],"densities":[75],"certain":[77,148],"core":[78],"regions,":[79,149],"lower":[80,167],"weighted":[81],"average":[82],"efficiencies,":[83],"higher":[85],"failures":[87],"owing":[88,164],"insulation":[90],"degradation.":[91],"Moreover,":[92],"operators":[95],"must":[96,136],"effects":[99],"production":[104],"caused":[105],"by":[106],"VRES.":[107],"In":[108,132,147],"some":[109],"cases,":[110],"ramping":[112],"ranges":[113],"from":[114],"1":[115],"5":[117],"megawatts":[118],"(MW)":[119],"per":[120],"second":[121],"for":[122,130],"large":[123],"plants,":[125],"which":[126],"pose":[127],"technical":[128],"operators.":[131],"contrast,":[133],"regulators":[135],"strengthen":[137],"reactive":[138],"mandates":[140],"system-bearing":[142],"services":[143],"ensure":[145],"stability.":[146],"there":[150],"be":[152],"longer":[153],"periods":[154],"30":[156],"40":[158],"percent":[159],"reduction":[160],"physical":[162],"inertia":[163],"share":[168],"traditional":[170],"plants":[172],"VRES-dominated":[175],"system.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
