{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409744392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3563309","title":"Scoring System for Quantifying the Privacy in Re-Identification of Tabular Datasets","display_name":"Scoring System for Quantifying the Privacy in Re-Identification of Tabular Datasets","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409744392","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3563309"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3563309","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3563309","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3563309","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092519183","display_name":"Jakob Folz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8428-1916"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92715842","display_name":"University of West Bohemia in Pilsen","ror":"https://ror.org/040t43x18","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92715842"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jakob Folz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of West Bohemia, Technick&#x00E1; 8, Plze&#x0148;, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8428-1916","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92715842"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of West Bohemia, Technick&#x00E1; 8, Plze&#x0148;, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92715842"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117282665","display_name":"Manjitha D Vidanalage","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83041830","display_name":"Deggendorf Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02kw5st29","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83041830"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manjitha D. Vidanalage","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute ProtectIT, Faculty of Computer Science, Deggendorf Institute of Technology, Deggendorf, Germany","Deggendorf Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computer Science, Institute ProtectIT, Dieter-G&#x00F6;rlitz-Platz 1, Deggendorf, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0395-651X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute ProtectIT, Faculty of Computer Science, Deggendorf Institute of Technology, Deggendorf, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83041830"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deggendorf Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computer Science, Institute ProtectIT, Dieter-G&#x00F6;rlitz-Platz 1, Deggendorf, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83041830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092737549","display_name":"Robert Aufschl\u00e4ger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0986-3504"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83041830","display_name":"Deggendorf Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02kw5st29","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83041830"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert Aufschl\u00e4ger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute ProtectIT, Faculty of Computer Science, Deggendorf Institute of Technology, Deggendorf, Germany","Deggendorf Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computer Science, Institute ProtectIT, Dieter-G&#x00F6;rlitz-Platz 1, Deggendorf, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0986-3504","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute ProtectIT, Faculty of Computer Science, Deggendorf Institute of Technology, Deggendorf, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83041830"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deggendorf Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computer Science, Institute ProtectIT, Dieter-G&#x00F6;rlitz-Platz 1, Deggendorf, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83041830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033888958","display_name":"A.E.A. Almaini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7432-7730"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83041830","display_name":"Deggendorf Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02kw5st29","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83041830"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amar Almaini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute ProtectIT, Faculty of Computer Science, Deggendorf Institute of Technology, Deggendorf, Germany","Deggendorf Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computer Science, Institute ProtectIT, Dieter-G&#x00F6;rlitz-Platz 1, Deggendorf, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7432-7730","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute ProtectIT, Faculty of Computer Science, Deggendorf Institute of Technology, Deggendorf, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83041830"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deggendorf Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computer Science, Institute ProtectIT, Dieter-G&#x00F6;rlitz-Platz 1, Deggendorf, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83041830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052070648","display_name":"Michael Heigl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7303-113X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83041830","display_name":"Deggendorf Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02kw5st29","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83041830"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Heigl","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute ProtectIT, Faculty of Computer Science, Deggendorf Institute of Technology, Deggendorf, Germany","Deggendorf Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computer Science, Institute ProtectIT, Dieter-G&#x00F6;rlitz-Platz 1, Deggendorf, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7303-113X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute ProtectIT, Faculty of Computer Science, Deggendorf Institute of Technology, Deggendorf, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83041830"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deggendorf Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computer Science, Institute ProtectIT, Dieter-G&#x00F6;rlitz-Platz 1, Deggendorf, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83041830"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030417760","display_name":"Dalibor Fiala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2528-771X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I92715842","display_name":"University of West Bohemia in Pilsen","ror":"https://ror.org/040t43x18","country_code":"CZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I92715842"]}],"countries":["CZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dalibor Fiala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic","Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of West Bohemia, Technick&#x00E1; 8, Plze&#x0148;, Czech Republic"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2528-771X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92715842"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of West Bohemia, Technick&#x00E1; 8, Plze&#x0148;, Czech Republic","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I92715842"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056684537","display_name":"Martin Schramm","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6206-2969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83041830","display_name":"Deggendorf Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02kw5st29","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83041830"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Schramm","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute ProtectIT, Faculty of Computer Science, Deggendorf Institute of Technology, Deggendorf, Germany","Deggendorf Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computer Science, Institute ProtectIT, Dieter-G&#x00F6;rlitz-Platz 1, Deggendorf, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6206-2969","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute ProtectIT, Faculty of Computer Science, Deggendorf Institute of Technology, Deggendorf, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83041830"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deggendorf Institute of Technology, Faculty of Computer Science, Institute ProtectIT, Dieter-G&#x00F6;rlitz-Platz 1, Deggendorf, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83041830"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03416627,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"75727","last_page":"75743"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9074000120162964,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9074000120162964,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7584566473960876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.707642674446106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.43368327617645264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3811250925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.22621873021125793}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7584566473960876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.707642674446106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.43368327617645264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3811250925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.22621873021125793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3563309","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3563309","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:719503adec534492bf100f2169afc2a2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/719503adec534492bf100f2169afc2a2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 75727-75743 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3563309","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3563309","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1873763122","https://openalex.org/W1991233706","https://openalex.org/W2042953296","https://openalex.org/W2061991353","https://openalex.org/W2112835772","https://openalex.org/W2132416160","https://openalex.org/W2134167315","https://openalex.org/W2136114025","https://openalex.org/W2146453464","https://openalex.org/W2153471044","https://openalex.org/W2171527181","https://openalex.org/W2182292197","https://openalex.org/W2400857455","https://openalex.org/W2404982906","https://openalex.org/W2608168300","https://openalex.org/W2750061420","https://openalex.org/W2794584851","https://openalex.org/W2977846155","https://openalex.org/W3112094893","https://openalex.org/W3116008906","https://openalex.org/W3128252010","https://openalex.org/W3158638024","https://openalex.org/W4223549164","https://openalex.org/W4224440033","https://openalex.org/W4231698305","https://openalex.org/W4239004406","https://openalex.org/W4243298193","https://openalex.org/W4283008962","https://openalex.org/W4323349011","https://openalex.org/W4387491801","https://openalex.org/W4399881288","https://openalex.org/W4400725913","https://openalex.org/W4406610744","https://openalex.org/W6680267248","https://openalex.org/W6744605815","https://openalex.org/W6865639415","https://openalex.org/W6997171383"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"introduces":[2],"the":[3,146,182,193,214,223],"System":[4],"for":[5,14,229],"Calculating":[6],"Open":[7],"Data":[8],"Re-identification":[9],"Risk":[10],"(SCORR),":[11],"a":[12,54,205,235],"framework":[13],"quantifying":[15],"privacy":[16,251,257],"risks":[17],"in":[18,246],"tabular":[19],"datasets.":[20,119],"SCORR":[21,212,221],"extends":[22],"conventional":[23,153],"metrics":[24,154,189],"such":[25],"as":[26],"<italic":[27,30,34,106,109,113,198],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[28,31,35,107,110,114,199],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">k</i>-anonymity,":[29,108],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">l</i>-diversity,":[32],"and":[33,48,64,69,83,112,121,155,169,238,253],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">t</i>-closeness":[36,115],"with":[37,67,125,213],"novel":[38],"extended":[39],"metrics,":[40],"including":[41],"uniqueness-only":[42],"risk,":[43,45,47,51],"uniformity-only":[44,122,170],"correlation-only":[46,128,168],"Markov":[49,133,178],"Model":[50,134,179],"to":[52,141],"identify":[53],"broader":[55],"range":[56],"of":[57,145,164,195,225],"re-identification":[58],"threats.":[59],"It":[60],"efficiently":[61],"analyses":[62],"event-level":[63],"person-level":[65],"datasets":[66],"categorical":[68],"numerical":[70],"attributes.":[71],"Experimental":[72],"evaluations":[73],"were":[74],"conducted":[75],"on":[76],"three":[77],"publicly":[78],"available":[79,216],"datasets:":[80],"OULAD,":[81],"HID,":[82],"Adult,":[84],"across":[85,118],"multiple":[86],"anonymisation":[87,94,147],"levels.":[88],"The":[89],"results":[90,242],"indicate":[91],"that":[92,152,220],"higher":[93],"levels":[95],"do":[96],"not":[97],"always":[98],"proportionally":[99],"enhance":[100],"privacy.":[101],"While":[102],"stronger":[103],"generalisation":[104],"improves":[105],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">l</i>-diversity":[111],"vary":[116],"significantly":[117,173],"Uniqueness-only":[120,156],"risk":[123,129,135,157,171,180,230,258],"decreased":[124],"anonymisation,":[126],"whereas":[127],"remained":[130,137,190],"high.":[131],"Meanwhile,":[132],"consistently":[136],"high,":[138],"indicating":[139],"little":[140],"no":[142],"improvement":[143],"regardless":[144],"level.":[148],"Scalability":[149],"analysis":[150,231],"revealed":[151],"incurred":[158,181],"minimal":[159],"computational":[160,184],"overhead,":[161],"remaining":[162],"independent":[163],"dataset":[165],"size.":[166],"However,":[167],"required":[172,228],"more":[174,236],"processing":[175],"time,":[176],"while":[177],"highest":[183],"cost.":[185],"Despite":[186],"this,":[187],"all":[188],"unaffected":[191],"by":[192,232],"number":[194,224],"quasi-identifiers,":[196],"except":[197],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">t</i>-closeness,":[200],"which":[201],"scaled":[202],"linearly":[203],"beyond":[204,260],"certain":[206],"threshold.":[207],"A":[208],"usability":[209],"evaluation":[210],"comparing":[211],"freely":[215],"ARX":[217],"Tool":[218],"showed":[219],"reduced":[222],"user":[226],"interactions":[227],"59.38%,":[233],"offering":[234],"streamlined":[237],"efficient":[239],"process.":[240],"These":[241],"confirm":[243],"SCORR\u2019s":[244],"effectiveness":[245],"helping":[247],"data":[248,254],"custodians":[249],"balance":[250],"protection":[252],"utility,":[255],"advancing":[256],"assessment":[259],"existing":[261],"tools.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
