{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409744759","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3563207","title":"Developing In-Beam Images From Gadanki Ionospheric Radar Interferometer Data","display_name":"Developing In-Beam Images From Gadanki Ionospheric Radar Interferometer Data","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409744759","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3563207"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3563207","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3563207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3563207","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117282876","display_name":"Timiti Vamsi Krishna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8131-2249"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131147","display_name":"SRM University","ror":"https://ror.org/037skf023","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145286018","https://openalex.org/I4210131147"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401726783","display_name":"VIT-AP University","ror":"https://ror.org/007v4hf75","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401726783"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timiti Vamsi Krishna","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics Engineering, VIT-AP University, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, India","School of Electronics Engineering, VIT-AP University, Vijayawada, AP, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8131-2249","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics Engineering, VIT-AP University, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131147","https://openalex.org/I4401726783"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics Engineering, VIT-AP University, Vijayawada, AP, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401726783"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076082319","display_name":"Ravindra Dhuli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2155-8508"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131147","display_name":"SRM University","ror":"https://ror.org/037skf023","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145286018","https://openalex.org/I4210131147"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4401726783","display_name":"VIT-AP University","ror":"https://ror.org/007v4hf75","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4401726783"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ravindra Dhuli","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics Engineering, VIT-AP University, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, India","School of Electronics Engineering, VIT-AP University, Vijayawada, AP, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2155-8508","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics Engineering, VIT-AP University, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131147","https://openalex.org/I4401726783"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics Engineering, VIT-AP University, Vijayawada, AP, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4401726783"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09675231,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"82015","last_page":"82031"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11405","display_name":"Geophysics and Gravity Measurements","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferometry","display_name":"Interferometry","score":0.6685453653335571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.6633508205413818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6206042766571045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionosphere","display_name":"Ionosphere","score":0.6047548055648804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.34058523178100586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geodesy","display_name":"Geodesy","score":0.33858397603034973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.26552003622055054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.258016973733902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.24061614274978638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17303767800331116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geophysics","display_name":"Geophysics","score":0.12909209728240967}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166689943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283","display_name":"Interferometry","level":2,"score":0.6685453653335571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.6633508205413818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6206042766571045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116403925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162219","display_name":"Ionosphere","level":2,"score":0.6047548055648804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.34058523178100586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.33858397603034973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.26552003622055054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.258016973733902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.24061614274978638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17303767800331116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8058405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46255","display_name":"Geophysics","level":1,"score":0.12909209728240967}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3563207","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3563207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:54158acc0407407cb4903506cfb146af","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/54158acc0407407cb4903506cfb146af","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 82015-82031 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3563207","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3563207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1606249372","https://openalex.org/W1621534913","https://openalex.org/W1633529777","https://openalex.org/W1963925044","https://openalex.org/W1964251659","https://openalex.org/W1988106785","https://openalex.org/W1990825664","https://openalex.org/W1999304014","https://openalex.org/W2005607359","https://openalex.org/W2008934888","https://openalex.org/W2024273872","https://openalex.org/W2025017615","https://openalex.org/W2026666669","https://openalex.org/W2034369505","https://openalex.org/W2034987173","https://openalex.org/W2055068784","https://openalex.org/W2063588546","https://openalex.org/W2082003141","https://openalex.org/W2088812603","https://openalex.org/W2115400991","https://openalex.org/W2119262458","https://openalex.org/W2139673606","https://openalex.org/W2153141539","https://openalex.org/W2166205928","https://openalex.org/W2318738450","https://openalex.org/W2586977158","https://openalex.org/W2792030065","https://openalex.org/W2885267535","https://openalex.org/W3024946001","https://openalex.org/W4210984302","https://openalex.org/W4230081446","https://openalex.org/W4386884290","https://openalex.org/W4406779731","https://openalex.org/W6686055519"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4396932139","https://openalex.org/W2354177919","https://openalex.org/W1988809445","https://openalex.org/W2112026144","https://openalex.org/W2045753504","https://openalex.org/W2033398951","https://openalex.org/W2016541458","https://openalex.org/W2063188081","https://openalex.org/W2070062488","https://openalex.org/W4248877799"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"aims":[2],"to":[3,33,60,92,122,150],"produce":[4],"in-beam":[5],"images":[6,36,56,142],"of":[7,70,113,158],"ionospheric":[8,160],"irregularities":[9,161],"using":[10,37],"radar":[11,39],"interferometry":[12,29],"imaging":[13,40],"(RII)":[14],"method.":[15,133],"Where,":[16],"multiple":[17,49],"receiving":[18,50],"channels":[19,51],"connected":[20],"with":[21,144],"collinear":[22],"baselines":[23],"in":[24,88,97,131],"spaced":[25],"antenna":[26,139],"(SA)":[27],"array":[28,140],"mode.":[30],"In":[31],"order":[32],"obtain":[34],"high-resolution":[35],"coherent":[38],"(CRI),":[41],"the":[42,48,71,89,98,117,124,128,135,152,159,163],"coherently":[43],"backscattered":[44,99],"signals":[45],"received":[46],"at":[47],"have":[52],"been":[53],"analysed.":[54],"Generating":[55],"is":[57,73,84,120],"directly":[58],"related":[59],"spectrum":[61,102,130],"estimation.":[62],"Mainly":[63],"it":[64,77,119],"has":[65],"two":[66],"challenges,":[67],"(i).":[68],"Amount":[69],"data":[72,103,114],"limited":[74],"and":[75,95,106,155],"often":[76],"might":[78],"be":[79],"very":[80],"small.":[81],"(ii).":[82],"Data":[83],"corrupted":[85],"by":[86],"noise":[87,96,126],"environment.":[90],"Due":[91],"statistical":[93],"fluctuation":[94],"signal,":[100],"visibility":[101,129],"are":[104],"noisy":[105],"incompletely":[107],"sampled.":[108],"To":[109],"make":[110],"optimal":[111],"use":[112],"while":[115],"generating":[116],"image,":[118],"important":[121],"remove":[123],"background":[125],"from":[127],"Fourier":[132],"Using":[134],"current":[136],"active":[137],"phased":[138],"configuration,":[141],"produced":[143],"small":[145],"time":[146],"resolution":[147,157],"allow":[148],"us":[149],"observe":[151],"temporal":[153],"evolution":[154],"spatial":[156],"inside":[162],"radiating":[164],"beam":[165],"width.":[166]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}