{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409581198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3562377","title":"Analysis of Force Characteristics in Foot Operations Using Isometric Device","display_name":"Analysis of Force Characteristics in Foot Operations Using Isometric Device","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409581198","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3562377"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3562377","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3562377","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3562377","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9859-6230"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22299242","display_name":"Kyoto University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kpeqv85","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140509","display_name":"Kyoto Katsura Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3ve464","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140509"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan","Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto daigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9859-6230","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto daigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140509","https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117206820","display_name":"Rintaro Iio","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22299242","display_name":"Kyoto University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kpeqv85","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140509","display_name":"Kyoto Katsura Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3ve464","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140509"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rintaro Iio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan","Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto daigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto daigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140509","https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shoun Nishioka","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22299242","display_name":"Kyoto University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kpeqv85","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140509","display_name":"Kyoto Katsura Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3ve464","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140509"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shoun Nishioka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan","Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto daigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto daigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140509","https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117206821","display_name":"Tatsuro Terakaw","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22299242","display_name":"Kyoto University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kpeqv85","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140509","display_name":"Kyoto Katsura Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3ve464","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140509"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tatsuro Terakawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan","Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto daigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9418-3156","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto daigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140509","https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026192129","display_name":"Masaharu KOMORI","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8696-8167"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22299242","display_name":"Kyoto University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kpeqv85","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140509","display_name":"Kyoto Katsura Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04w3ve464","country_code":"JP","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140509"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masaharu Komori","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan","Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto daigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8696-8167","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto daigaku-katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140509","https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":0.9811,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73129681,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"71197","last_page":"71213"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.6376000046730042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10784","display_name":"Muscle activation and electromyography studies","score":0.6376000046730042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isometric-exercise","display_name":"Isometric exercise","score":0.8348362445831299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5536290407180786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foot","display_name":"Foot (prosody)","score":0.5002005100250244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-therapy","display_name":"Physical therapy","score":0.1174960732460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.08983740210533142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103486182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1216236","display_name":"Isometric exercise","level":2,"score":0.8348362445831299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5536290407180786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115076146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1651051","display_name":"Foot (prosody)","level":2,"score":0.5002005100250244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.1174960732460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.08983740210533142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3562377","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3562377","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:34458799c19d4e678cc68fe48e6d72f4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/34458799c19d4e678cc68fe48e6d72f4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 71197-71213 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3562377","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3562377","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3177098601","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP23H01328","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3716412290","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP23K26023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4224668495","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP23K26023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320212","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5677299003","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JP23H01328","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320212","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320212","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science London","ror":"https://ror.org/02m7axw05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2052003244","https://openalex.org/W2054326469","https://openalex.org/W2059559260","https://openalex.org/W2101964902","https://openalex.org/W2134307143","https://openalex.org/W2142620277","https://openalex.org/W2160382929","https://openalex.org/W2593962048","https://openalex.org/W2611524977","https://openalex.org/W2743917167","https://openalex.org/W2992560301","https://openalex.org/W3000390606","https://openalex.org/W3035959418","https://openalex.org/W3107850748","https://openalex.org/W3130445241","https://openalex.org/W3150143291","https://openalex.org/W3170998464","https://openalex.org/W3195047402","https://openalex.org/W4391513575","https://openalex.org/W4391518712"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2340005245","https://openalex.org/W1547508840","https://openalex.org/W2052773812","https://openalex.org/W2428872210","https://openalex.org/W2181360123","https://openalex.org/W3029411384","https://openalex.org/W2136279810"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,72,145],"lower":[1,37,65,154,180],"limbs,":[2],"which":[3],"have":[4],"multiple":[5],"degrees":[6],"of":[7,32,60,74,126,193,196],"freedom,":[8],"can":[9,25],"be":[10,26,171],"used":[11],"to":[12,122,170,173],"manipulate":[13],"a":[14,20,45,119],"robot":[15],"or":[16],"an":[17,40,69,108],"object":[18],"in":[19,88,153,166,179],"virtual":[21],"environment.":[22],"Such":[23],"manipulation":[24],"achieved":[27],"by":[28,35,63],"measuring":[29],"the":[30,36,52,55,64,89,92,101,105,124,127,130,138,161,167,174,194,197,200],"direction":[31],"force":[33,46,61,79,96,103,110,134,150,163,175,204],"exerted":[34,62],"limbs":[38,66],"using":[39,77],"isometric":[41,70],"device":[42],"equipped":[43],"with":[44],"sensor.":[47],"This":[48,184],"study":[49],"experimentally":[50],"investigates":[51],"differences":[53,90,128,198],"between":[54,91,129,199],"intended":[56,93,102,131,201],"and":[57,94,132,136,158,202],"actual":[58,95,133,162,203],"directions":[59,80,135,151,164,176],"when":[67,100],"operating":[68],"device.":[71],"results":[73,146],"experiments":[75],"conducted":[76,118],"48":[78],"indicate":[81],"that":[82,148,160,177,186],"there":[83],"are":[84],"five":[85],"prominent":[86],"characteristics":[87],"directions.":[97,205],"For":[98],"example,":[99],"is":[104,112,191],"backward":[106],"direction,":[107],"upward":[109],"component":[111],"also":[113],"generated.":[114],"In":[115],"addition,":[116],"we":[117],"musculoskeletal":[120],"analysis":[121],"analyze":[123],"causes":[125,195],"calculated":[137],"metabolic":[139],"energy":[140],"consumption":[141],"(<italic":[142],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[143,156,182,189],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">E<sub>m</sub></i>).":[144],"confirm":[147],"some":[149],"result":[152],"<italic":[155,181,188],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">E<sub>m</sub></i>":[157,190],"show":[159],"measured":[165],"experiment":[168],"tend":[169],"close":[172],"resulted":[178],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">E<sub>m</sub></i>.":[183],"suggests":[185],"reducing":[187],"one":[192]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}