{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409494236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3561340","title":"Shaped Lens Antenna for 5G Mobile With Wide Angle Multi-Beam and Optimum Feed Position","display_name":"Shaped Lens Antenna for 5G Mobile With Wide Angle Multi-Beam and Optimum Feed Position","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409494236","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3561340"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3561340","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3561340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3561340","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031305095","display_name":"Farizah Ansarudin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7992-8650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Farizah Ansarudin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Microwave Technology Research Group, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia","Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Microwave Technology Research Group, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi Selangor, MALAYSIA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7992-8650","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Microwave Technology Research Group, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Microwave Technology Research Group, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi Selangor, MALAYSIA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042730228","display_name":"Nurul Huda Abd Rahman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1845-3254"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nurul Huda Abd Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Antenna Research Centre, School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia","School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Antenna Research Centre, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, MALAYSIA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1845-3254","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Antenna Research Centre, School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Antenna Research Centre, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, MALAYSIA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064117397","display_name":"Yoshihide Yamada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0436-4410"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoshihide Yamada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Antenna Research Centre, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, MALAYSIA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Antenna Research Centre, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, MALAYSIA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082163606","display_name":"Norsiha Zainudin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2426-1478"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I862893732","display_name":"Telkom University","ror":"https://ror.org/0004wsx81","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I862893732"]}],"countries":["ID","MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norsiha Zainudin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Antenna Research Centre, School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia","School of Electrical Engineering, Telkom University, Surabaya Campus, Surabaya, INDONESIA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2426-1478","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Antenna Research Centre, School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Telkom University, Surabaya Campus, Surabaya, INDONESIA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I862893732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004870790","display_name":"M. Muhsin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16413167","display_name":"University of Surabaya","ror":"https://ror.org/013314927","country_code":"ID","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16413167"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["ID","MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Muhsin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre of Excellence for Integrated and Embedded Systems, Telkom University, Surabaya Campus, Surabaya, Indonesia","Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1811-1780","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Excellence for Integrated and Embedded Systems, Telkom University, Surabaya Campus, Surabaya, Indonesia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16413167"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009487384","display_name":"Kamilia Kamardin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5317-714X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kamilia Kamardin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5317-714X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015507672","display_name":"Yoshiki Sugimoto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3906-3207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197274945","display_name":"Nagoya Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/055yf1005","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197274945"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoshiki Sugimoto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan","Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, JAPAN"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3906-3207","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197274945"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, JAPAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197274945"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062598488","display_name":"Kunio Sakakibara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1106-0378"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197274945","display_name":"Nagoya Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/055yf1005","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197274945"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kunio Sakakibara","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan","Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, JAPAN"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1106-0378","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197274945"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, JAPAN","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197274945"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078357506","display_name":"Norbahiah Misran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6142-8591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Norbahiah Misran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Microwave Technology Research Group, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia","Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Microwave Technology Research Group, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi Selangor, MALAYSIA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6142-8591","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Microwave Technology Research Group, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Microwave Technology Research Group, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi Selangor, MALAYSIA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031305095"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":4.5793,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93031233,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"75171","last_page":"75183"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/position","display_name":"Position (finance)","score":0.5847654342651367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lens","display_name":"Lens (geology)","score":0.5376009345054626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.49310657382011414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directional-antenna","display_name":"Directional antenna","score":0.48340097069740295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45959362387657166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.45598605275154114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3579047620296478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3048039972782135}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.5847654342651367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15336307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1766051","display_name":"Lens (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5376009345054626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.49310657382011414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64671776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769152","display_name":"Directional antenna","level":3,"score":0.48340097069740295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45959362387657166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.45598605275154114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3579047620296478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3048039972782135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3561340","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3561340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8bb4184c6e7b4933941797e12f2d9e28","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8bb4184c6e7b4933941797e12f2d9e28","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 75171-75183 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3561340","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3561340","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7900000214576721,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1669833447","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"600-RMC/PRGS 5/3 (001/2022)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321709","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4437515150","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"00401","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335839","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321709","display_name":"Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/05mcs2t73"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335839","display_name":"National Institute of Information and Communications Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/016bgq349"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1584066148","https://openalex.org/W2145509041","https://openalex.org/W2156526722","https://openalex.org/W2461821699","https://openalex.org/W2883627526","https://openalex.org/W2912640124","https://openalex.org/W2949647076","https://openalex.org/W2982419858","https://openalex.org/W3093410344","https://openalex.org/W4220775802","https://openalex.org/W4283818313","https://openalex.org/W4360907493","https://openalex.org/W4386013441","https://openalex.org/W4400771278","https://openalex.org/W4402153865"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2385118824","https://openalex.org/W2359476137","https://openalex.org/W2354263513","https://openalex.org/W2362165903","https://openalex.org/W2575294667","https://openalex.org/W2378962668","https://openalex.org/W2379015195","https://openalex.org/W2760239433","https://openalex.org/W2364191664","https://openalex.org/W2336201357"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Millimeter":[0],"wave":[1],"operation":[2],"in":[3,162],"5G":[4],"base":[5,18],"stations":[6],"necessitates":[7],"small":[8,181],"cell":[9],"size":[10],"and":[11,40,52,98,166,183],"advanced":[12],"multi-beam":[13,31,109,140,163,185],"capabilities.":[14],"At":[15],"millimeter":[16],"waves,":[17],"station":[19],"antennas":[20,28],"must":[21],"be":[22],"highly":[23],"compact,":[24],"making":[25],"dielectric":[26],"lens":[27,58,82,157,179],"with":[29,49,83,151,180],"excellent":[30,184],"radiation":[32,126,164,186],"patterns":[33,165],"an":[34],"ideal":[35],"choice.":[36],"To":[37],"ensure":[38,132],"lightweight":[39],"easy":[41],"installation,":[42],"it":[43],"is":[44,129],"crucial":[45],"to":[46,65,73,78,131,144],"design":[47],"lenses":[48],"minimal":[50],"thickness":[51,100],"curvature.":[53],"This":[54],"study":[55,172],"applies":[56],"a":[57,80,93,99,155,177],"shaping":[59],"method":[60],"for":[61,108],"Abbe\u2019s":[62],"sine":[63],"condition":[64,71],"the":[66,75,119,171,174],"newly":[67],"developed":[68],"straight":[69],"line":[70],"(SLC)":[72],"validate":[74],"method\u2019s":[76],"ability":[77],"produce":[79],"thin":[81,178],"good":[84,160],"performance.":[85],"The":[86,104,146],"designed":[87],"lens,":[88],"operating":[89],"at":[90],"28GHz,":[91],"has":[92],"diameter":[94],"of":[95,101,121,176],"202":[96],"mm":[97],"63":[102],"mm.":[103],"optimum":[105],"feed":[106,122],"positions":[107],"operations":[110],"are":[111,149],"determined":[112],"by":[113],"focal":[114],"region":[115],"ray":[116],"tracing.":[117],"Additionally,":[118],"impact":[120],"position":[123],"errors":[124],"on":[125],"pattern":[127],"degradation":[128],"analyzed":[130],"accurate":[133],"measurements.":[134],"Electromagnetic":[135],"simulator":[136],"calculations":[137],"demonstrate":[138],"wide-angle":[139],"performance":[141],"from":[142,154],"0\u00b0":[143],"30\u00b0.":[145],"calculated":[147],"results":[148,153],"compared":[150],"measured":[152],"fabricated":[156],"antenna,":[158],"showing":[159],"agreement":[161],"antenna":[167],"gain":[168],"variations.":[169],"Consequently,":[170],"confirms":[173],"achievement":[175],"curvature":[182],"patterns.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}