{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409494016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3561250","title":"Enhancing BVR Air Combat Agent Development With Attention-Driven Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Enhancing BVR Air Combat Agent Development With Attention-Driven Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409494016","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3561250"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3561250","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3561250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3561250","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040976773","display_name":"Andre R. Kuroswiski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1549-2434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107428990","display_name":"Instituto Tecnol\u00f3gico de Aeron\u00e1utica","ror":"https://ror.org/05vh67662","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107428990"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andre R. Kuroswiski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil","Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1549-2434","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107428990"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107428990"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108362177","display_name":"Annie S. Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1611-6759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106165777","display_name":"University of Central Florida","ror":"https://ror.org/036nfer12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Annie S. Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106165777"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089875211","display_name":"Angelo P\u00e1ssaro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2421-0657"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80849659","display_name":"Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais","ror":"https://ror.org/04xbn6x09","country_code":"BR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210151455","https://openalex.org/I80849659"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angelo Passaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Estudos Avançados, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil","Instituto de Estudos Avançados, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2421-0657","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Estudos Avançados, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Estudos Avançados, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80849659"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":7.7767,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96077056,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"70446","last_page":"70463"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12158","display_name":"Guidance and Control Systems","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12158","display_name":"Guidance and Control Systems","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.5653177499771118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5592206716537476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23829928040504456}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.5653177499771118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5592206716537476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23829928040504456}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3561250","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3561250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:b5cdfd8bbc0e4ef987643304f4d2df9b","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/b5cdfd8bbc0e4ef987643304f4d2df9b","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 70446-70463 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3561250","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3561250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2099618002","https://openalex.org/W2155968351","https://openalex.org/W2235640621","https://openalex.org/W2739579832","https://openalex.org/W2885546234","https://openalex.org/W2982316857","https://openalex.org/W2996037775","https://openalex.org/W3007242925","https://openalex.org/W3010424707","https://openalex.org/W3089592508","https://openalex.org/W3106649810","https://openalex.org/W3106889297","https://openalex.org/W3112673853","https://openalex.org/W3131698718","https://openalex.org/W3146366485","https://openalex.org/W3190154035","https://openalex.org/W3211880762","https://openalex.org/W4210366873","https://openalex.org/W4212814156","https://openalex.org/W4213343880","https://openalex.org/W4297515898","https://openalex.org/W4383346238","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4385399055","https://openalex.org/W4389048503","https://openalex.org/W4390343183","https://openalex.org/W4390450423","https://openalex.org/W4392125445","https://openalex.org/W4392943598","https://openalex.org/W4395065469","https://openalex.org/W4398765795","https://openalex.org/W4400348411","https://openalex.org/W4402571495","https://openalex.org/W4405634128","https://openalex.org/W4406890506","https://openalex.org/W6687681856","https://openalex.org/W6741002519","https://openalex.org/W6755069753","https://openalex.org/W6783838878","https://openalex.org/W6798240405","https://openalex.org/W6843745752","https://openalex.org/W6859368398","https://openalex.org/W6862633770","https://openalex.org/W6891880838","https://openalex.org/W6903753823"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4306904969","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2138720691","https://openalex.org/W2376932109"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,143],"study":[1,117],"explores":[2],"the":[3,21,54,69,119,127],"use":[4],"of":[5,23,71,122],"Reinforcement":[6],"Learning":[7],"(RL)":[8],"to":[9,42,101,157],"develop":[10],"autonomous":[11,149],"agents":[12,63],"for":[13,75,139,148],"Beyond":[14],"Visual":[15],"Range":[16],"(BVR)":[17],"air":[18,151],"combat,":[19],"addressing":[20],"challenges":[22],"dynamic":[24],"and":[25,45,57,82,96,113,153],"uncertain":[26],"adversarial":[27,162],"scenarios.":[28,163],"We":[29],"propose":[30],"a":[31,36],"novel":[32],"approach":[33],"that":[34,131],"introduces":[35],"task-based":[37],"layer,":[38],"leveraging":[39],"domain":[40],"expertise":[41],"optimize":[43],"decision-making":[44],"training":[46,94],"efficiency.":[47],"By":[48],"integrating":[49],"multi-head":[50],"attention":[51],"mechanisms":[52],"into":[53],"policy":[55],"model":[56],"employing":[58],"an":[59],"improved":[60],"DQN":[61],"algorithm,":[62],"dynamically":[64],"select":[65],"context-aware":[66],"tasks,":[67],"enabling":[68],"learning":[70],"efficient":[72],"emergent":[73],"behaviors":[74,136],"variable":[76,134],"engagement":[77],"conditions.":[78],"Evaluations":[79],"in":[80,107,126],"single-":[81],"multi-agent":[83],"BVR":[84,150],"scenarios":[85],"against":[86],"adversaries":[87,132],"with":[88,133,160],"diverse":[89,123],"tactical":[90,135],"characteristics":[91],"demonstrate":[92],"superior":[93],"efficiency":[95],"enhanced":[97],"agent":[98],"capabilities":[99],"compared":[100],"leading":[102],"RL":[103,128,146],"algorithms":[104],"commonly":[105],"applied":[106],"similar":[108],"domains,":[109],"including":[110],"PPO,":[111],"DDPG,":[112],"SAC.":[114],"A":[115],"robustness":[116],"underscores":[118],"critical":[120],"role":[121],"enemy":[124],"selection":[125],"process,":[129],"showing":[130],"are":[137],"essential":[138],"developing":[140],"robust":[141],"agents.":[142],"work":[144],"advances":[145],"methodologies":[147],"combat":[152],"provides":[154],"insights":[155],"applicable":[156],"other":[158],"problems":[159],"challenging":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-12T08:23:45.883708","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}