{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409356651","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3559945","title":"Hyperspectral Imaging and Advanced Vision Transformers for Identifying Pure and Pesticide-Coated Apples","display_name":"Hyperspectral Imaging and Advanced Vision Transformers for Identifying Pure and Pesticide-Coated Apples","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409356651","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3559945"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3559945","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3559945","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3559945","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006857964","display_name":"Ayesha Shafique","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7758-4102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154710","display_name":"Wuxi Taihu Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05qp6pd10","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154710"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ayesha Shafique","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of IoT Engineering, Wuxi Taihu University, Jiangsu Key (Construction) Laboratory of Intelligent IoT Technology and Applications in Universities, Wuxi, China","School of IoT, Jiangsu Key (Construction) Laboratory of Intelligent IOT Technology and Applications in Universities, Wuxi Taihu University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7758-4102","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of IoT Engineering, Wuxi Taihu University, Jiangsu Key (Construction) Laboratory of Intelligent IoT Technology and Applications in Universities, Wuxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154710"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of IoT, Jiangsu Key (Construction) Laboratory of Intelligent IOT Technology and Applications in Universities, Wuxi Taihu University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086089748","display_name":"Mohammad Siraj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7805-0815"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Siraj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7805-0815","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080184177","display_name":"Benmao Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5270-3208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154710","display_name":"Wuxi Taihu Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05qp6pd10","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210154710"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benmao Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of IoT Engineering, Wuxi Taihu University, Jiangsu Key (Construction) Laboratory of Intelligent IoT Technology and Applications in Universities, Wuxi, China","School of IoT, Jiangsu Key (Construction) Laboratory of Intelligent IOT Technology and Applications in Universities, Wuxi Taihu University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5270-3208","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of IoT Engineering, Wuxi Taihu University, Jiangsu Key (Construction) Laboratory of Intelligent IoT Technology and Applications in Universities, Wuxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154710"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of IoT, Jiangsu Key (Construction) Laboratory of Intelligent IOT Technology and Applications in Universities, Wuxi Taihu University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030642447","display_name":"Saif A. Alsaif","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5442-0612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saif A. Alsaif","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5442-0612","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042357679","display_name":"Tariq Sadad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0078-7849"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142732210","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Lahore","ror":"https://ror.org/0051w2v06","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142732210"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tariq Sadad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Engineering and Technology Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan","Department of Computer Science, University of Engineering &#x0026; Technology, Mardan, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0078-7849","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Engineering and Technology Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Engineering &#x0026; Technology, Mardan, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142732210"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006857964"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154710"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":1.8997,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83575927,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"66405","last_page":"66419"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10640","display_name":"Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1602","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11667","display_name":"Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies","score":0.9351000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12388","display_name":"Identification and Quantification in Food","score":0.9269999861717224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hyperspectral-imaging","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","score":0.946090817451477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47835415601730347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.47199442982673645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4105226993560791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.379730761051178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.12794229388237}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159078339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959005","display_name":"Hyperspectral imaging","level":2,"score":0.946090817451477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47835415601730347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.47199442982673645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4105226993560791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.379730761051178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.12794229388237}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3559945","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3559945","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:2eb848a6007541edbdd79dafb7df55b9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/2eb848a6007541edbdd79dafb7df55b9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 66405-66419 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3559945","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3559945","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G909725543","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RSPD2025R893","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","funder_display_name":"King Saud University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2048707409","https://openalex.org/W2139135476","https://openalex.org/W2900099248","https://openalex.org/W2913198888","https://openalex.org/W2973003223","https://openalex.org/W3155907534","https://openalex.org/W3166295572","https://openalex.org/W3189388292","https://openalex.org/W3204527981","https://openalex.org/W4211190296","https://openalex.org/W4251443564","https://openalex.org/W4281550095","https://openalex.org/W4380989719","https://openalex.org/W4386713465","https://openalex.org/W4388262978","https://openalex.org/W4390045805","https://openalex.org/W4390750170","https://openalex.org/W4393115925","https://openalex.org/W4400457732","https://openalex.org/W4402837883","https://openalex.org/W4403248460","https://openalex.org/W4404993917","https://openalex.org/W4405382857","https://openalex.org/W4406389358","https://openalex.org/W4407213993","https://openalex.org/W6796538260"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2385371209","https://openalex.org/W4250051149","https://openalex.org/W2083270190","https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2036807459","https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,68,143,171],"classification":[1,53,173],"of":[2,23,31,35,156,169,179,190,204],"hyperspectral":[3,33,157],"images":[4,34,113,158],"has":[5,96],"become":[6],"an":[7,176],"essential":[8],"task":[9],"in":[10,48,212],"agricultural":[11,213],"analysis,":[12],"as":[13],"it":[14,83],"assesses":[15],"the":[16,29,32,77,116,125,132,147,152,207],"quality,":[17],"chemical":[18],"composition,":[19],"and":[20,39,43,60,64,120,141,195,210],"overall":[21],"health":[22],"produce.":[24],"This":[25,52,102,201],"study":[26],"concentrates":[27],"on":[28,151],"analysis":[30],"apples":[36,42],"to":[37,46,56,76,85,137,149,164,185],"distinguish":[38,186],"classify":[40],"pure":[41],"those":[44,196],"subjected":[45],"fertilizers":[47],"different":[49,188],"concentration":[50],"levels.":[51],"is":[54],"fundamental":[55],"ensuring":[57],"food":[58],"quality":[59],"optimizing":[61],"fertilizer":[62,199],"input":[63],"precision":[65],"agriculture":[66],"practices.":[67],"dataset":[69,117],"did":[70],"not":[71],"initially":[72],"satisfy":[73],"requirements":[74],"owing":[75],"small":[78],"sample":[79],"size,":[80],"which":[81],"rendered":[82],"difficult":[84],"train":[86],"any":[87],"robust":[88],"generalizable":[89],"model.":[90],"A":[91],"conditional":[92],"GAN":[93],"variation":[94],"(CGAN)":[95],"been":[97],"proposed":[98,172],"for":[99],"data":[100],"augmentation.":[101],"approach":[103],"effectively":[104],"handled":[105],"class":[106],"imbalance":[107],"by":[108],"generating":[109],"high-quality,":[110],"category-specific":[111],"synthetic":[112],"that":[114],"enriched":[115],"with":[118,131,197],"realistic":[119],"diverse":[121],"samples.":[122],"For":[123],"classification,":[124],"ConvNeXt":[126],"architecture":[127],"was":[128],"employed,":[129],"integrated":[130],"Simple":[133],"Attention":[134],"Module":[135],"(SimAM)":[136],"enhance":[138],"feature":[139],"refinement":[140],"extraction.":[142],"SimAM":[144],"module":[145],"allowed":[146],"model":[148,174],"focus":[150],"most":[153],"relevant":[154],"areas":[155],"while":[159],"suppressing":[160],"unimportant":[161],"information,":[162],"leading":[163],"a":[165],"highly":[166],"refined":[167],"representation":[168],"features.":[170],"achieved":[175],"impressive":[177],"accuracy":[178,205],"99.75%,":[180],"showcasing":[181],"its":[182],"exceptional":[183],"ability":[184],"between":[187],"categories":[189],"apples,":[191],"including":[192],"untreated":[193],"ones":[194],"varying":[198],"concentrations.":[200],"high":[202],"level":[203],"underscores":[206],"model\u2019s":[208],"robustness":[209],"reliability":[211],"image":[214],"analysis.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
