{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409327193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3559146","title":"Analytical Optimal Control of Delayed Worm Propagation Model in Heterogeneous IoT Systems","display_name":"Analytical Optimal Control of Delayed Worm Propagation Model in Heterogeneous IoT Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409327193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3559146"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3559146","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3559146","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3559146","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013855251","display_name":"B. S. Murthy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145126","display_name":"Aditya Birla (India)","ror":"https://ror.org/03pztks36","country_code":"IN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145126"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"B. S. N. Murthy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, Aditya University, Surampalem, Andhra Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8588-1876","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, Aditya University, Surampalem, Andhra Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145126"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071767921","display_name":"V. Madhusudanan","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Madhusudanan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, S. A. Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India","Department of Mathematics, S.A. Engineering College, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9148-1350","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, S. A. Engineering College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, S.A. Engineering College, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015537164","display_name":"M. N. Srinivas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. N. Srinivas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India","Department of Mathematics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, School of Advanced Sciences, Vellore Institute of Technology, Tamil Nadu, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084677619","display_name":"Luca Guerrini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8489-5531"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I122534668","display_name":"Marche Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00x69rs40","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122534668"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. Guerrini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8489-5531","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I122534668"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044941682","display_name":"Anwar Zeb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5460-3718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131573596","display_name":"Abbottabad University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0549hdw45","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131573596"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anwar Zeb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960","https://openalex.org/I3131573596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018823341","display_name":"Nhu\u2010Ngoc Dao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1565-4376"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28777354","display_name":"Sejong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00aft1q37","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nhu-Ngoc Dao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1565-4376","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28777354"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041978875","display_name":"Sungrae Cho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-688X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67900169","display_name":"Chung-Ang University","ror":"https://ror.org/01r024a98","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67900169"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sungrae Cho","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-688X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67900169"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013855251"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145126"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":5.2729,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95338941,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"63349","last_page":"63366"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9431999921798706,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9431999921798706,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6865170001983643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.46288439631462097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimal-control","display_name":"Optimal control","score":0.415793240070343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3539298176765442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.19038346409797668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1602761447429657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10475194454193115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6865170001983643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.46288439631462097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91575142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1971426","display_name":"Optimal control","level":2,"score":0.415793240070343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3539298176765442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.19038346409797668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1602761447429657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10475194454193115}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3559146","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3559146","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3ea3e1e0321540a1bd5da061e49b87bb","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3ea3e1e0321540a1bd5da061e49b87bb","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 63349-63366 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.univpm.it:11566/342814","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10960516","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402571","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche (Universit\u00e0 Politecnica delle Marche)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122534668","host_organization_name":"Marche Polytechnic University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122534668"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3559146","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3559146","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2018197389","https://openalex.org/W2080066817","https://openalex.org/W2085564127","https://openalex.org/W2168452204","https://openalex.org/W2319958367","https://openalex.org/W2794545762","https://openalex.org/W2884051366","https://openalex.org/W2905846597","https://openalex.org/W2906719522","https://openalex.org/W2914511918","https://openalex.org/W2936273747","https://openalex.org/W2952022372","https://openalex.org/W2976333538","https://openalex.org/W2981158586","https://openalex.org/W2993853848","https://openalex.org/W3007784796","https://openalex.org/W3008292257","https://openalex.org/W3010248270","https://openalex.org/W3015015459","https://openalex.org/W3040566484","https://openalex.org/W3041852941","https://openalex.org/W3044583328","https://openalex.org/W3092013020","https://openalex.org/W3126450618","https://openalex.org/W3152738744","https://openalex.org/W3153189436","https://openalex.org/W3170604655","https://openalex.org/W4206571941","https://openalex.org/W4213359460","https://openalex.org/W4224219312","https://openalex.org/W4230198350","https://openalex.org/W4253695808","https://openalex.org/W4312892982","https://openalex.org/W4318320657","https://openalex.org/W4362683505","https://openalex.org/W4366981128","https://openalex.org/W4378228333","https://openalex.org/W4380202241","https://openalex.org/W4386870365","https://openalex.org/W4389677894","https://openalex.org/W4394616813","https://openalex.org/W4394707285","https://openalex.org/W4396653774","https://openalex.org/W4396847958","https://openalex.org/W4404740508","https://openalex.org/W4406429201","https://openalex.org/W6861125329"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2086351220"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,62,68,144,173],"mathematical":[4],"model":[5,23],"for":[6,45,73,105],"worm":[7,49,75,145],"propagation,":[8],"where":[9],"infectivity":[10],"is":[11],"influenced":[12],"by":[13,111],"latency":[14,60,70,162,171],"within":[15],"heterogeneous":[16],"Internet":[17],"of":[18,27,37,48,97,109,119,130],"Things":[19],"(IoT)":[20],"systems.":[21,80,125],"The":[22,81],"incorporates":[24],"the":[25,33,46,54,65,93,107,117,128,155,170],"heterogeneity":[26],"susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered":[28],"(SEIR)":[29],"compartments":[30],"and":[31,85,95,122,136,148],"considers":[32],"varying":[34],"negative":[35],"impacts":[36,164],"worms":[38,110],"spread":[39,108],"across":[40,124],"these":[41,79],"groups.":[42],"Sufficient":[43],"conditions":[44],"persistence":[47],"propagation":[50],"are":[51,89],"derived":[52],"using":[53],"optimistic":[55],"equilibrium":[56],"point.":[57],"By":[58],"selecting":[59],"as":[61,134,154],"bifurcation":[63],"parameter,":[64],"study":[66,102],"reveals":[67],"specific":[69],"value":[71],"critical":[72],"maintaining":[74],"propagation\u2019s":[76],"stability":[77,96],"in":[78],"normal":[82],"form":[83],"approach":[84],"central":[86],"manifold":[87],"theory":[88],"employed":[90],"to":[91,115],"analyze":[92,127],"direction":[94],"Hopf":[98],"bifurcation.":[99],"Furthermore,":[100],"this":[101],"addresses":[103],"strategies":[104],"mitigating":[106],"employing":[112],"best":[113],"practices":[114],"minimize":[116],"number":[118],"devices":[120],"exposed":[121],"infected":[123],"We":[126],"effects":[129],"control":[131],"measures,":[132],"such":[133],"vaccination":[135],"treatment,":[137],"which":[138],"should":[139],"be":[140],"applied":[141],"promptly":[142],"during":[143],"proliferation":[146],"outbreak":[147,156],"gradually":[149],"scaled":[150],"down":[151],"over":[152],"time":[153],"decreases.":[157],"Numerical":[158],"findings":[159],"expose":[160],"that":[161],"significantly":[163],"system":[165,178],"stability,":[166],"however,":[167],"optimally":[168],"managing":[169],"below":[172],"deterministic":[174],"threshold":[175],"may":[176],"maintain":[177],"stabilization.":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
