{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409153890","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3558143","title":"Power Theft Detection in Smart Grids Using Quantum Machine Learning","display_name":"Power Theft Detection in Smart Grids Using Quantum Machine Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409153890","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3558143"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3558143","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3558143","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3558143","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043706652","display_name":"Konstantinos Blazakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8410-1818"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28710699","display_name":"Hellenic Mediterranean University","ror":"https://ror.org/039ce0m20","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28710699"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Konstantinos Blazakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28710699"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008825208","display_name":"Nikolaos Schetakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8893-219X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55741626","display_name":"Technical University of Crete","ror":"https://ror.org/03f8bz564","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55741626"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nikolaos Schetakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Production Engineering and Management, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Production Engineering and Management, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55741626"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012520636","display_name":"Mahmoud M. Badr","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8986-001X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90965887","display_name":"SUNY Polytechnic Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/000fxgx19","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90965887"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmoud M. Badr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Network and Computer Security, College of Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Utica, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Network and Computer Security, College of Engineering, SUNY Polytechnic Institute, Utica, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90965887"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042357479","display_name":"Davit Aghamalyan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4926-9739"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3004594783","display_name":"Institute of High Performance Computing","ror":"https://ror.org/02n0ejh50","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3004594783","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davit Aghamalyan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Fusionopolis, Singapore","Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (ASTAR), Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR), Fusionopolis, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3004594783"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (ASTAR), Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3004594783","https://openalex.org/I115228651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079308946","display_name":"Konstantinos Stavrakakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6355-8690"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konstantinos Stavrakakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Quantum and Computer Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Quantum and Computer Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110094682","display_name":"G.S. Stavrakakis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55741626","display_name":"Technical University of Crete","ror":"https://ror.org/03f8bz564","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55741626"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georgios Stavrakakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Chania, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55741626"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043706652"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28710699"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":3.6562,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92639998,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"61511","last_page":"61525"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13429","display_name":"Electricity Theft Detection Techniques","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13429","display_name":"Electricity Theft Detection Techniques","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9663000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14319","display_name":"Currency Recognition and Detection","score":0.9585999846458435,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7098551988601685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3603890538215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3243572413921356}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7098551988601685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3603890538215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3243572413921356}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3558143","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3558143","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:8f3afc1902a04f9f9136d3d210c72ff8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/8f3afc1902a04f9f9136d3d210c72ff8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S112646816","display_name":"SHILAP Revista de lepidopterolog\u00eda","issn_l":"0300-5267","issn":["0300-5267","2340-4078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 61511-61525 (2025)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:17078701","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3558143","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3558143","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3558143","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2212529815","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2495424399","https://openalex.org/W2559394418","https://openalex.org/W2615509641","https://openalex.org/W2776990447","https://openalex.org/W2788544268","https://openalex.org/W2792946961","https://openalex.org/W2800562601","https://openalex.org/W2906538035","https://openalex.org/W2910992412","https://openalex.org/W2911528396","https://openalex.org/W2913510539","https://openalex.org/W2914738292","https://openalex.org/W2943955321","https://openalex.org/W2948546254","https://openalex.org/W2954939433","https://openalex.org/W2971454307","https://openalex.org/W2990961515","https://openalex.org/W2998382059","https://openalex.org/W3000569831","https://openalex.org/W3005548505","https://openalex.org/W3005973759","https://openalex.org/W3019994830","https://openalex.org/W3097369108","https://openalex.org/W3126366362","https://openalex.org/W3157038070","https://openalex.org/W3157186308","https://openalex.org/W3168662710","https://openalex.org/W3170345003","https://openalex.org/W3183436251","https://openalex.org/W3197609195","https://openalex.org/W3212413828","https://openalex.org/W3212877473","https://openalex.org/W4206151196","https://openalex.org/W4210357839","https://openalex.org/W4213212652","https://openalex.org/W4280548050","https://openalex.org/W4280619761","https://openalex.org/W4285087870","https://openalex.org/W4285201538","https://openalex.org/W4296126438","https://openalex.org/W4309145873","https://openalex.org/W4313524856","https://openalex.org/W4320920839","https://openalex.org/W4321093998","https://openalex.org/W4361857523","https://openalex.org/W4367395160","https://openalex.org/W4377970077","https://openalex.org/W4382393266","https://openalex.org/W4390096897","https://openalex.org/W4390493298","https://openalex.org/W4391282441","https://openalex.org/W4391321711","https://openalex.org/W4391807414","https://openalex.org/W4392133967","https://openalex.org/W4392931495","https://openalex.org/W4393241279","https://openalex.org/W4396214556","https://openalex.org/W4396581677","https://openalex.org/W4399259978","https://openalex.org/W4403834027","https://openalex.org/W6745609711","https://openalex.org/W6750729320","https://openalex.org/W6755964158","https://openalex.org/W6773050563","https://openalex.org/W6775074859","https://openalex.org/W6791570161","https://openalex.org/W6876925369"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electricity":[0],"theft":[1,26,48,68,89,138,156],"can":[2,41,131],"lead":[3,42],"to":[4,43,106,123,162,175,189],"enormous":[5],"economic":[6],"losses":[7],"and":[8,11,17,73,134,166],"cause":[9],"operational":[10],"security":[12],"problems":[13],"for":[14],"electricity":[15,25,67,88,137],"networks":[16],"utilities.":[18],"Most":[19],"current":[20],"research":[21],"has":[22,103,145],"focused":[23,65],"on":[24,66,93],"detection":[27,69,90,139],"in":[28,46,50,70,114,136,151],"the":[29,33,71,125,152,176,190],"consumption":[30,72,178],"sector.":[31],"However,":[32],"high":[34],"penetration":[35],"rate":[36],"of":[37,62,76,101,127,154,169,183],"distributed":[38],"generation":[39,74],"(DG)":[40],"an":[44,60,167,181],"increase":[45],"power":[47],"attacks":[49],"this":[51,164],"sector":[52],"via":[53],"smart":[54,78],"meter":[55],"manipulation.":[56],"This":[57,83],"study":[58,84,120],"is":[59],"extension":[61],"prior":[63],"works":[64],"domains":[75],"a":[77,86],"grid":[79],"environment":[80],"with":[81,173,187],"DG.":[82],"proposes":[85],"novel":[87],"framework":[91],"based":[92],"quantum":[94],"machine":[95],"learning":[96],"(QML).":[97],"The":[98,141],"elegant":[99],"field":[100],"QML":[102,128],"been":[104,148],"used":[105],"demonstrate":[107],"that":[108,130],"data":[109],"classification":[110],"becomes":[111],"more":[112],"efficient":[113],"higher-dimensional":[115],"spaces.":[116],"An":[117],"extensive":[118],"numerical":[119],"was":[121,171,185],"conducted":[122,161],"determine":[124],"type":[126],"architecture":[129],"perform":[132],"well":[133],"efficiently":[135],"cases.":[140],"technique":[142],"presented":[143],"here":[144],"not":[146],"yet":[147],"extensively":[149],"studied":[150],"domain":[153],"energy":[155],"detection.":[157],"Extensive":[158],"experiments":[159],"were":[160],"assess":[163],"approach,":[165],"accuracy":[168,182],"0.87":[170],"achieved":[172,186],"respect":[174,188],"classical":[177],"domain,":[179],"whereas":[180],"0.977":[184],"net":[191],"metering":[192],"domain.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}