{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409102202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3557284","title":"Optimal Participation in Manual Frequency Restoration Reserve-Based Demand Response Programs for Large Consumers","display_name":"Optimal Participation in Manual Frequency Restoration Reserve-Based Demand Response Programs for Large Consumers","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409102202","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3557284"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3557284","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3557284","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3557284","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106407767","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Arellano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4973-1934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141158","display_name":"Servicio de Salud de Castilla La Mancha","ror":"https://ror.org/03k8zj440","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141158"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","display_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","ror":"https://ror.org/05r78ng12","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 Arellano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus de Toledo, Toledo, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4973-1934","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus de Toledo, Toledo, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79189158","https://openalex.org/I4210141158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066585472","display_name":"\u00c1lvaro Garc\u00eda-Cerezo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-046X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141158","display_name":"Servicio de Salud de Castilla La Mancha","ror":"https://ror.org/03k8zj440","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141158"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","display_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","ror":"https://ror.org/05r78ng12","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00c1lvaro Garc\u00eda-Cerezo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus de Toledo, Toledo, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-046X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus de Toledo, Toledo, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79189158","https://openalex.org/I4210141158"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058955266","display_name":"Miguel Carri\u00f3n","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141158","display_name":"Servicio de Salud de Castilla La Mancha","ror":"https://ror.org/03k8zj440","country_code":"ES","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141158"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","display_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","ror":"https://ror.org/05r78ng12","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miguel Carri\u00f3n","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus de Toledo, Toledo, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5764-3996","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Campus de Toledo, Toledo, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79189158","https://openalex.org/I4210141158"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5106407767"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141158","https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"apc_list":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"apc_paid":{"value":1850,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1850},"fwci":2.5009,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88783091,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"59866","last_page":"59885"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.7889000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.7889000177383423,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-response","display_name":"Demand response","score":0.49613937735557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4598918557167053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1132260262966156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.07907381653785706}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255048","display_name":"Demand response","level":3,"score":0.49613937735557556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4598918557167053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1132260262966156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.07907381653785706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3557284","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3557284","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:ec62e34885f549038fc734f108eaf019","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/ec62e34885f549038fc734f108eaf019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access, Vol 13, Pp 59866-59885 (2025)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/access.2025.3557284","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3557284","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2485537415","display_name":"IEEE Access","issn_l":"2169-3536","issn":["2169-3536"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Access","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2110554198","https://openalex.org/W2614529461","https://openalex.org/W2806019792","https://openalex.org/W2984116445","https://openalex.org/W3003497120","https://openalex.org/W3091208071","https://openalex.org/W3092109129","https://openalex.org/W3124407081","https://openalex.org/W3168259896","https://openalex.org/W3174552089","https://openalex.org/W4200428272","https://openalex.org/W4220816734","https://openalex.org/W4225930592","https://openalex.org/W4306745049","https://openalex.org/W4310723024","https://openalex.org/W4381855854","https://openalex.org/W4382311644","https://openalex.org/W4385569514","https://openalex.org/W4386187693","https://openalex.org/W4389567882","https://openalex.org/W4389573797","https://openalex.org/W4392745456","https://openalex.org/W4392861294","https://openalex.org/W4393067101","https://openalex.org/W4394710020","https://openalex.org/W4396760060","https://openalex.org/W4398189928","https://openalex.org/W4401179667","https://openalex.org/W4401592060","https://openalex.org/W4402593634","https://openalex.org/W4402615554","https://openalex.org/W6631789819"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2555175041","https://openalex.org/W2032085210","https://openalex.org/W4392752943","https://openalex.org/W2389561653","https://openalex.org/W2052188148","https://openalex.org/W4239205706","https://openalex.org/W4239297229"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,93,152],"increasing":[1],"penetration":[2],"of":[3,39,78,116,182,219],"intermittent,":[4],"weather-dependent":[5],"generation":[6,31],"has":[7],"heightened":[8],"the":[9,37,54,76,81,90,106,111,113,117,134,175,205,230,234,239],"need":[10],"for":[11],"flexibility":[12],"in":[13,44,62,71,171,187,199,209,226,254],"power":[14,107],"systems.":[15],"Traditionally":[16],"passive,":[17],"consumers":[18,156],"are":[19,166],"now":[20],"being":[21],"encouraged":[22],"to":[23,28,85,110,169,174,177,221],"actively":[24],"support":[25],"ancillary":[26],"services":[27],"help":[29],"balance":[30],"and":[32,122,149,246],"consumption.":[33,184],"This":[34],"work":[35],"examines":[36],"participation":[38,186],"a":[40,98,179],"large":[41],"electricity":[42,142],"consumer":[43,82,118],"manual":[45],"frequency":[46],"restoration":[47],"reserve-based":[48],"demand":[49],"response":[50],"programs.":[51],"In":[52,202],"particular,":[53],"Active":[55],"Demand":[56],"Response":[57],"Service":[58],"(ADRS),":[59],"recently":[60],"introduced":[61],"Spain,":[63],"is":[64,83,95,127],"addressed.":[65],"Participation":[66],"involves":[67],"submitting":[68],"power-price":[69],"bids":[70],"an":[72,215],"annual":[73],"auction,":[74,112],"indicating":[75],"amount":[77],"grid":[79,183],"consumption":[80],"willing":[84],"reduce":[86],"upon":[87],"request":[88],"by":[89,224],"system":[91],"operator.":[92],"problem":[94],"modeled":[96],"as":[97,133,162],"three-stage":[99],"stochastic":[100],"optimization,":[101],"considering":[102],"three":[103],"key":[104],"decisions:":[105],"bid":[108],"submitted":[109],"operational":[114,123,241],"decisions":[115],"before":[119],"ADRS":[120,126,172,188,235],"participation,":[121],"adjustments":[124],"when":[125,248],"activated.":[128],"A":[129],"cement":[130,206],"producer":[131,207],"serves":[132],"case":[135,211],"study,":[136],"with":[137,157,250],"several":[138],"scenarios":[139],"comparing":[140],"different":[141],"procurement":[143],"options:":[144],"grid-only":[145],"supply,":[146],"photovoltaic":[147],"self-generation,":[148],"battery":[150],"storage.":[151],"results":[153],"show":[154],"that":[155],"alternative":[158],"energy":[159],"sources,":[160],"such":[161],"solar":[163],"or":[164],"batteries,":[165],"less":[167],"inclined":[168],"participate":[170],"due":[173],"requirement":[176],"maintain":[178],"minimum":[180],"level":[181],"Nevertheless,":[185],"can":[189],"offer":[190],"substantial":[191],"economic":[192],"benefits,":[193],"especially":[194],"at":[195],"auction":[196],"prices":[197],"observed":[198],"previous":[200],"editions.":[201],"this":[203,210,227],"regard,":[204],"considered":[208],"study":[212],"could":[213,236],"achieve":[214],"expected":[216],"cost":[217],"savings":[218],"up":[220],"30%":[222],"annually":[223],"participating":[225,249],"service.":[228],"Moreover,":[229],"fixed":[231],"remuneration":[232],"from":[233],"significantly":[237],"offset":[238],"plant\u2019s":[240],"costs,":[242],"covering":[243],"between":[244],"28%":[245],"42%":[247],"approximately":[251],"5":[252],"MW":[253],"ADRS.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T08:25:59.206177","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}